Background/Aim: Curing local recurrence of rectal cancer (LRRC) is difficult with conventional photon radiotherapy. Proton beam therapy (PBT) on the other hand, has unique physical characteristics that permit higher doses to LRRC while minimizing side effects surrounding organs. However, efficacy PBT controlling not yet been reported. This study aimed evaluate clinical outcomes and toxicities f...

BACKGROUND There is controversy and confusion regarding therapy for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast. The Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI) was developed to aid in the complex treatment selection process. METHODS The VNPI combines three significant predictors of local recurrence: tumor size, margin width, and pathologic classification. Scores of 1 (best) to 3 (worst)...