In this paper, an effective control strategy is proposed to manage energy distribution from fuel cells and batteries for hybrid electric boat applications. The main objectives of real-time are obtain fast current tracking the batteries’ system, DC bus voltage stability by using a cell, load under varying demand conditions. based on combination frequency approach current/voltage interleaved boos...

Pyroelectric harvesters convert time-dependent temperature variations into electric current. The appropriate geometry of the pyroelectric cells, coupled with the optimal period of temperature fluctuations, is key to driving the optimal load resistance, which enhances the performance of pyroelectric harvesters. The induced charge increases when the thickness of the pyroelectric cells decreases. ...

Efficient and economic energy storage, if implemented in the current power infrastructure on a large scale, could bring about some of the greatest changes in the power industry in decades. Additionally, energy storage would improve the reliability and dynamic stability of the power system by providing stable, abundant energy reserves that require little ramp time and are less susceptible to var...

  Objective(s): HTLV-I and HIV virus quantification is an important marker for assessment of virus activities. Since there is a direct relationship between the number of virus and disease progression, HTLV- I and HIV co-infection might have an influence on the development of viral associated diseases, thus, viral replication of these viruses and co-infection were evaluated.   Materials and...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific T-cell responses are thought to play a key role in viral load decline during primary infection and in determining the subsequent viral load set point. The requirements for this effect are unknown, partly because comprehensive analysis of total HIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to all HIV-encoded epitopes has not been accomplished. To ass...

BACKGROUND There are limited data regarding the relative merits of biomarkers as predictors of mortality or time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS We evaluated the usefulness of the CD4 cell count, CD4 cell percentage (CD4%), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) load, total lymphocyte count (TLC), body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin measured at 32 weeks' gestatio...

In this paper, in order to optimize the cell range expansion (CRE) and enhanced intercell interference coordination (eICIC) in long-term evolution advanced (LTE-A) heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), a practical tessellation-based load balancing scheme is proposed, which requires little change in existing protocols. It is shown that the tessellati...

Important problems in load cells are creep and hysteresis. Expensive high grade steels are used in order to reduce these effects. In this paper a silicon load cell design is presented which is based on a force-to-liquid-pressure transformation. The design is insensitive to hysteresis and creep, can be made at very low costs and is able to measure loads up to 1000 kg with an accuracy of 0.03 %. ...

Infection load and the integration of human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been implicated as determinants for oncogenesis, but whether variation among different HPV types exists remains unclear. We investigated 91 women infected with HPV type 52 (HPV-52), a type that is rare worldwide but common in East Asia. The median viral load increased with the severity of the lesion (248 copies/cell equival...