during the safavid rule, due to the close relationship between the government and the structure of religious institution, the economic life of many religious leaders was based on the bureaucratic salaries and aids granted by the government. however, after the fall of safavids and transfer of the shia scientific and juridico-religious centres (i.e. seminaries) from iran to the holy cities of ira...

microbial cells have been successfully used as biosorbents to remove heavy metals from wastewater. in some cases, dead cells appear to offer more advantages than living cells in the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. maintaining higher biosorption capability and understanding the biosorption properties of dead cells are the keys to heavy metal removal and recov...