INTRODUCTION Drug-related hepatotoxicity is a common medical problem with implications for health systems. It constitutes a cause of acute liver failure and, in many cases, is responsible for the rejection of new pharmacological agents during efficacy and safety studies. Risk factors, as well as pathogenesis of drug-induced liver injury, are poorly understood. The diagnosis of drug-induced live...

Reliable test systems to identify hepatotoxicity are essential to predict unexpected drug-related liver injury. Here we present a human ex-vivo liver model to investigate acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Human liver tissue was perfused over a 30 hour period with hourly sampling from the perfusate for measurement of general metabolism and clinical parameters. Liver function was assessed by cl...

•Routine 2-week liver tests were evaluated in a 1247 patient cohort treated for TB. •Anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT) led to drug-induced injury (DILI) 8.3%. •Risk of late TB-DILI increased 2.2-fold every 30 U/L rise pre-treatment ALT. 2.1-fold gradient ALT change. Objective Tuberculosis Drug Induced Liver Injury (TB-DILI) is common and potentially severe complication associated with anti-tubercu...

There are a growing number of cases detailing acute hepatic necrosis in patients taking black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), an over-the-counter herbal supplement for management of menopausal symptoms. Our aim is to illustrate two cases of liver injury following the use of black cohosh characterized by histopathological features mimicking autoimmune hepatitis. Both patients reported black cohosh...

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health threat impacting people all over the world. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as virus for system, it might be responsible digestive symptoms associated with COVID-19. Common gastrointestinal in COVID-19 patients are anorexia, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, addition to abnor...

The aim of this study was to illustrate the initial subclinical drug-induced liver injury and the associated adaptive immune response by monitoring for the changes in plasma IL-2, IL-10, and some cytochrome P450 activity during chronic administration of nevirapine (NVP), isoniazid (INH), and paracetamol (PAR) in rats without clinical hepatotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided in...

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the major causes for discontinuation drug development and withdrawal drugs from market. Since it known that reactive metabolite formation being substrates or inhibitors cytochrome P450s (P450s) are associated with DILI, we systematically investigated association between human P450 inhibition DILI. The inhibitory activity 266 DILI-positive (DILI drugs) ...

Adverse drug reactions are among the most frequent side effects of synthetic and complementary alternative drugs and represent the premier causes of license revocations and acute liver failure. Drug-induced liver injury can resemble literally any other genuine liver disease and usually responds well to drug dechallenge. However, in some cases autoimmune-like hepatitis can evolve, requiring shor...

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following liver transplantation is a rare but fatal complication. The correct diagnosis and management of GVHD after liver transplantation are still major challenges. Herein, we reported successful salvage treatment of acute GVHD by withdrawal of immunosuppression in a patient who presented with fever, skin rashes, and decreased blood cell counts after liv...

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare but potentially life threatening adverse drug reaction. DILI may mimic any morphologic characteristic of acute or chronic liver disease, and the histopathologic features of DILI may be indistinguishable from those of other causes of liver injury, such as acute viral hepatitis. In this review article, we provide an update on causative agents, clinical f...