The distribution of ionic species in dilute solutions at 25 °C and 1 atmosphere pressure can be computed by mathematical procedures based on the law of mass action and related thermodynamic equations. The computations require some knowledge of concentrations of ions and the forms of complexes or ion-pairs, and their stability constants, or their free energies of formation. Sufficient informatio...

Fluoride removal from aqueous solutions using a-Al2O3 as an adsorbent was investigated through adsorption and electrokinetic studies, using two different initial fluoride concentrations relevant to fluoride contents in drinking water, namely 3 and 10 mg/L. Maximum fluoride removal was achieved between pH 5 and 6 at 258C. Adsorption at both pH 5 and 9 correlates to the Langmuir isotherm. The poi...

BACKGROUND In studies in Gothenburg, Sweden, in the 1990s of an aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed pertussis toxoid vaccine, 745 of ~76 000 vaccinated children developed long-lasting itchy subcutaneous nodules at the vaccination site. Of 495 children with itchy nodules patch tested for aluminium allergy, 376 (76%) were positive. OBJECTIVES To study the prognosis of the vaccine-induced aluminium all...

In an attempt to discover a phosphate binding agent for use in uraemia that would not lead to appreciable systemic absorption of aluminium the effect of sucralfate was evaluated after three weeks and compared with that of the existing standard agent aluminium hydroxide. Sucralfate caused a decrease in serum phosphate concentration comparable with that obtained with aluminium hydroxide, but simi...

Several antibiotics show significant pharmacokinetic interactions when they are given orally concomitantly with antacids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of antacid (containing magnesium) on the pharmacokinetics of linezolid. A single dose of 600 mg linezolid was given orally alone and 10 min after administration of the antacid Maalox 70mVal, which contains 600 mg magnes...

Alumina nanofibers were prepared by a technique that combined the sol-gel and electrospinning methods. The solution to be electrospun was prepared by mixing aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) in ethanol, which was then refluxed in the presence of an acid catalyst and polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) in ethanol. The characterization results showed that alumina nanofibers with diameters in the range of 102 to ...

The selection of raw materials affects the rate of batch-to-glass conversion. In all-electric melters, foam under the batch blanket limits the heat flux from the molten glass, thus slowing the rate of melting. Our study, in which we compare the melting behaviors of three batches formulated to vitrify high-alumina high-level waste, shows that a slowly dissolving refractory component can cause ex...

Lithium molybdate has been prepared by grinding LiOH x H(2)O with MoO(3) in air at room temperature. X-Ray powder diffraction data show that the formation of highly crystalline Li(2)MoO(4) is largely complete after 10 min. The phenacite structure of this material is the same as that derived from an X-ray diffraction study of a single crystal obtained from aqueous solution [R3; a = 14.3178(14) A...

Aluminum-containing salts are important adjuvants in the formulations of many licensed human vaccines. However, in the early stage of the design of a new vaccine, a thorough understanding of the adsorption mechanisms of an antigen onto an aluminum salt is required. Therefore, we have developed a robust, rapid, and reproducible high-throughput screening (HTS) platform to study the adsorption cap...

The thermal decomposition mechanism of synthetic Al(OH)3 (gibbsite) was studied in situ by neutron thermodiffractometry in an ambient atmosphere from room temperature to 6001C with 501C steps. Gibbsite decomposed to yield AlO . (OH) (boehmite) and then poorly crystallized v-Al2O3. Rietveld analysis was used to refine the cell parameters’ variation of gibbsite and its thermal expansion coefficie...