The interest on acquiring player and ball data during soccer games is increasing in several domains such as media or training. Consequently, tracking systems are becoming widely used for live data gathering. However, due to costs, stadium infrastructure, media rights etc. there is a trend for stand-alone mobile low-cost soccer tracking systems. The drawback of such systems is that generally onl...

Automatic processing of metaphor can be clearly divided into two subtasks: metaphor recognition (distinguishing between literal and metaphorical language in a text) and metaphor interpretation (identifying the intended literal meaning of a metaphorical expression). Both of them have been repeatedly addressed in NLP. This paper is the first comprehensive and systematic review of the existing com...

It has been claimed that human translators rely on some sort of literal translation equivalences to produce translations and to check their validity. More effort would be required if translations are less literal. However, to our knowledge, there is no established metric to measure and quantify this claim. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by introducing a metric for measuring literality o...

We challenge the commonly held view that the interpretation of metonymies should proceed from a literal-meaning-first approach and argue for an equally balanced treatment of literal and figurative language use. Resulting ambiguities are handled by a combination of two techniques. First, we incorporate discourse constraints into metonymy resolution, reflecting the systematic interaction patterns...

In this paper we describe experiments with automated detection of metaphors in the Polish language. We focus our analysis on noun phrases composed of an adjective and a noun, and distinguish three types of expressions: with literal sense, with metaphorical sense, and expressions both literal and methaphorical (context-dependent). We propose a method of automatically recognizing expression type ...