Synthesis of several hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs), which might be selected as good candidates for degradation of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB), were carried out. Several bioassays were also realized, such as toxicity evaluation on activated sludge and zebrafish, cytotoxicity, fluoride release in aqueous phase and biodegradability in orde...

polybrominated diphenyl ethers as flame retardants prevent the branching mechanism of free radicals in gas phase during the combustion. therefore, they are used in electric and electronical instruments. these supplies are entering the landfills after use. the existing flame retardants in these landfills enter the air, water and soil and pollute them. in this paper a mass-transfer model is devel...

NREL's thermochemical biomass conversion research is focused on ex-situ upgrading of fast-pyrolysis (FP) vapors as an efficient route to completely biogenic pyrolysis-based fuel precursors, fuels, and value-added chemicals depending catalyst process conditions. A near term pathway being developed uses these liquids for co-processing with petroleum feedstocks assess carbon incorporation in hydro...

The sonication of ionic organic liquids leads to decomposition of the liquids. Multibubble sonoluminescence spectra and headgas analysis reveal a variety of decomposition products from the sonolysis of N,N'-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids. The decomposition is a result of acoustic cavitation, which generates localized hot spots from the implosive collapse of bubbles in the ionic liquids. Despi...

ethylammonium propionate with high polarity and ionic conductivity was synthesized andcharacterized with 1hnmr and ir. this ionic liquid which is prepared from readily available startingmaterial in high yield shows reasonably high at viscosity and heat stability up to 150 °c. this ionicliquid is able to dissolve most of organic solvents due to the hydrogen interaction between ionicliquid and th...

background: this paper describes the common hazards in the metal industry – chemicals and noise. the aim of the study was to get an overview of risk levels of mentioned occupational hazards and examine the implementation of adequate safety measures. methods: measurements of noise and chemicals were performed, self-reported exposure and usage of personal protective equipment from workers were us...

A rapid, green and efficient method for the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivatives through a one-pot condensation of 2-naphthol with various aromatic aldehydes in the presences of several acidic ionic liquids including [PSMIM]Cl, [BMIM]HSO4, [BMIM]Cl, [BMIM]Br, and [BMIM]BF4 as organocatalysts and task-specific acidic ionic liquids (AILs) under solvent-free conditions is desc...

An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt in the liquid state. In some contexts, the term has been restricted to salts whose melting point is below some arbitrary temperature, such as 100 °C. While ordinary liquids such as water and gasoline are predominantly made of electrically neutral molecules, ionic liquids are largely made of ions and short-lived ion pairs. These substances are variously called liqu...

This review presents the synergistic effect in the catalytic system of ionic liquids (ILs) for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate from carbon dioxide and epoxide. The emphasis of this review is on three aspects: the catalytic system of metal-based ionic liquids, the catalytic system of hydrogen bond-promoted ionic liquids and supported ionic liquids. Metal and ionic liquids show a synergistic ef...

Ionic liquids are pure salts that are liquid under ambient conditions. As liquids composed solely of ions, the scientific consensus has been that ionic liquids have exceedingly high ionic strengths and thus very short Debye screening lengths. However, several recent experiments from laboratories around the world have reported data for the approach of two surfaces separated by ionic liquids whic...