Real-time in-line interpretation of liquid properties is important for multiphase flow measurements; example, many phase fraction measurement principles have a dependency on characteristics salinity. Therefore, it would be desirable to sensor, such as microwave which can continuously measure the salinity flow. In addition measurement, sensor also water fraction, required flowmeter based single-...

The paper presents a validated CFD model for the flow in a bench-scale spinner flask that features a centrally-located magnet-driven impeller. Model development found that use of the immersed solid mesh method resulted in better correspondence with observations and μPIV measurements than the more established sliding mesh method in ANSYS-CFX. Analysis of spatial distributions suggested stresses ...

A novel milliliter-scale bioreactor equipped with a gas-inducing impeller was developed with oxygen transfer coefficients as high as in laboratory and industrial stirred-tank bioreactors. The bioreactor reaches oxygen transfer coefficients of >0.4 s(-1). Oxygen transfer coefficients of >0.2 s(-1) can be maintained over a range of 8- to 12-mL reaction volume. A reaction block with integrated hea...

Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE3 is expressed in the luminal membrane of proximal tubule and thin and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. To further define its role, the novel NHE3 inhibitor S3226 was employed in micropuncture experiments in nephrons with superficial glomeruli of anesthetized rats. Microperfusion of proximal convoluted tubule with S3226 revealed a dose-dependent inhibition of reabso...

Bioprocess scale-up is a fundamental component of process development in the biotechnology industry. When scaling up a mammalian cell culture process, it is important to consider factors such as mixing time, oxygen transfer, and carbon dioxide removal. In this study, cell-free mixing studies were performed in production scale 5,000-L bioreactors to evaluate scale-up issues. Using the current bi...

The East Indian sandalwood tree, Santalum album, yields one of the costliest heartwoods and precious essential oil. Unsurprisingly, this endangered forest species is severely affected due to unmet global demands, illegal trade and harvesting, overharvesting and an epidemic mycoplasmal spike disease. In vitro micropropagation endeavours have resulted in defined in vitro stages such as somatic em...

A bioreactor system without a biomass-liquid separation unit is evaluated for its chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and biomass retention capabilities under the nitrogen deficient and low F/M conditions that are known to produce bulking biomass. A fully oxygenated stream recycled from an external oxygenator delivers the oxygen to an upflow bioreactor in which a biomass zone is formed and mai...