With the general awareness of energy and environmental issues in whole society, issue greenhouse gas emission reduction has gradually become focus attention. Ocean transport undertakes more than 90% world's cargo transportation also produces a large amount carbon dioxide. In order to achieve shipping industry, June 2012, ECOFIN proposed impose Maritime Carbon Tax, which will increase operating ...

This paper examines the empirical relationship between maritime connectivity and port efficiency. To do so, a stochastic output distance function is employed which permits effect of on technical efficiency to be estimated for sample Spanish ports. Previous studies analysing have used country-level indices. In present study, port-level indices are first time this type analysis. A novel panel dat...

In order to obtain the biggest economic benefits, large shipping firms widely use hub-and-spoke network operate ships. The reasonable not only decreases cost of infrastructure construction achieve scale economies, but also be efficient allocate existing resources maritime business. Shipping usually are in pursuit large-scale container ship, leading some blindly upgrade vessels and cause loss pr...

This study presents a MILP model to retrieve or get close to the early schedule of disrupted container vessels. The model is appliedon a realcase study of Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL) considering container demands, and CO2 emissionssolvedwith CPLEX GAMS solver in less than a minute. Sensitivity analysis on fuel inventory level shows the inevitable influence of the ...

Many women use panty liners between menstrual periods. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of such products might influence the vulva skin. Twelve healthy women were studied on four occasions with three different product constructions and on one occasion without products. Temperature, surface wetness and surface pH were measured on vulva skin. Mean skin temperature when the...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Thermal discomfort often affects prosthesis wearers and could be addressed by increasing liner thermal conductivity. This note explores a liner made from thermally conductive silicone and two additional alternative liner designs. TECHNIQUE Thermally conductive silicone was used to create a conductive liner and a hybrid liner. Additionally, one with open elements was made. T...

Seaport network efficiency is very crucial for global maritime economic trades and growth. In this work, data of three years (2018–2020) with input variables (time in port, age vessels, size cargo carrying capacity vessels) output (Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI) Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) are collected. Few screening tests performed to ensure the fit further analyses. Since none ex...