Abstract Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase (COI) and microsatellite loci were used to better explain the speciation events, history of hybridization, genetic population structure stone crabs Menippe adinaWilliams & Felder, 1986 M. mercenaria (Say, 1817–1818). A survey a 670-bp COI sequence 711 collected from Texas North Carolina Belize, Central America showed presence two well-defined mt...

Abstract In this paper, we present that the propositional proof system R(lin) (Resolution over Linear Equations) established by Ran Raz and Iddo Tzameret is not a super system, there exists a sequence of tautologies, which require proof complexity exponential in size of tautologies. We show that there are the sequence of unsatisfiable collections of disjuncts of linear equations, which require ...

OBJECTIVE Lineage-negative bone marrow cells (lin- BMCs) are enriched in endothelial progenitor cells and mediate vascular repair. Aging-associated senescence and apoptosis result in reduced number and functionality of lin- BMCs, impairing their prorepair capacity. The molecular mechanisms underlying lin- BMC senescence and apoptosis are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many impor...

How inflammatory responses are mechanistically modulated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), especially by receptors composed of alpha7 (α7) subunits, is poorly defined. This includes a precise definition of cells that express α7 and how these impact on innate inflammatory responses. To this aim we used mice generated through homologous recombination that express an Ires-Cre-recombina...

The in vivo studies of myocardial infarct using c-ki⁺/Lin⁻ cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are still in the early stage with margin or no beneficial effects for cardiac function. One of the potential reasons may be related to the absence of fully understanding the properties of these cells both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to systematically examine how CSCs adapted to in vitro...

Nervous system function is mediated by a precisely patterned network of synaptic connections. While several cell-adhesion and secreted molecules promote the assembly of synapses, the contribution of signals that negatively regulate synaptogenesis is not well understood. We examined synapse formation in the Caenorhabditis elegans motor neuron DA9, whose presynapses are restricted to a specific s...

Heterochronic genes control the timing of vulval development in the C. elegans hermaphrodite. lin-14 or lin-28 loss-of-function mutations cause the vulval precursor cells (VPCs) to enter S phase and to divide one larval stage earlier than in the wild type. A precocious vulva is formed by essentially normal cell lineage patterns, governed by the same intercellular signals as in the wild type. Mu...

Eight species of armored spiders belonging to two families, Pacullidae Simon, 1894 and Tetrablemmidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873, are reported from Singapore. Five species are documented as new to science: Paculla bukittimahensis Lin & Li, sp. n. (male and female), Paculla globosa Lin & Li, sp. n. (male and female), Ablemma malacca Lin & Li, sp. n. (male and female), Singaporemma lenachanae Lin...

Dealing with a question of Lahiri [6] we study the uniqueness problem of meromorphic functions concerning two nonlinear differential polynomials sharing a small function. Our results will not only improve and supplement the results of Lin-Yi [16], Lahiri Sarkar [12] but also improve and supplement a very recent result of the first author [1].