SIR, The prevalence of the urinary infections in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is abnormally high. Pyocyst in patients with ADPKD is a very serious and potentially fetal infection. Diagnosis and treatment of this rare complication is hampered by the problems in the delicate identification of the infected cysts and poor penetration of the systemically used an...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of a sonic device (Vibringe), syringe irrigation, and passive ultrasonic irrigation in the removal of debris from simulated root canal irregularities. METHODS Root canals with 2 standardized grooves in the apical and coronal parts were filled with dentin debris. Three different irrigation procedures were performed with NaOCl (1%...

The improvement of irrigation systems in the Nile Delta is one of the most important attempts in Egypt to implement more effective irrigation technology by improving the existing irrigation networks. Demand delivery system in the existing irrigation network is using of mechanical gates structures to automatically divert water from one portion of an agricultural field to another in the desired a...

A field crop irrigation management decision-making system (CropIrri) was developed based on the soil water balance model, crop phenology model, root growth model, crop water production function, and irrigation management model. The irrigation plan is made through predicating of soil water content in root zone and daily crop water requirement using historical and forecasting weather data, measur...

due to limited water resources, applying efficient water use in agriculture is very important. this experiment was carried out in kabootarabad agricultural research station for two years using split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications. six irrigation treatments based on evaporation from class a pan were applied as the main factor at three cotton growing stages, na...

water resources are limited in most parts of the country, including isfahan,where cotton is cultivated but it’s planting time coincides with the sensitive stage of cereal grain growth. therefore, developing and adopting techniques that could maximize use of the existing resources is needed. to study the effect of basin and furrow irrigation methods on yield and some yield components of cotton  ...

to study the effect of sowing date and a single irrigation (si) on yield and yield components of barley, a field experiment was conducted in dryland agricultural research institute (maragheh, iran) in 2004-06 cropping seasons, using a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. main plots were assigned to 3 levels of sowing date (early, normal and late). sub-plot...

reduce the amount of water used, resulting in savings Low-pressure sprinkler irrigation systems have the potential to of both water and energy. save energy, but also may aggravate soiland water-management Center-pivot systems with high pressure nozzles reproblems. The objective of this research was to determine the influquire relatively large amounts of energy to develop ence of center-pivot sp...

high groundwater salinity, a high water table and secondary soil salinization are dominant conditions in eastern isfahan province, iran. this region has a low annual rainfall, high annual evaporation demand, saline soils and limited fresh water supplies. to investigate the effects of irrigation deficit and salinity on cantaloupe (cucumis melo l. var. cantalupensis) production, a field experimen...

Fertigation is herein defined as the application of solid or liquid (fluid) mineral fertilizers via pressurized irrigation systems, thus forming nutrient containing irrigation water. Although the practice of fertigation only started commercially in the mid 20th century, there is evidence that the concept of irrigation with dissolved nutrients was well known in the past. The first reported examp...