Because ethnicity is a basis for defining peer crowds in ethnically diverse American high schools, some may question whether crowds foster discrimination and stereotyping or affirm minority youths' positive ties to their ethnic background. Through examination of both self- and peer ratings of crowd affiliation among 2,465 high school youth aged 14-19 years, this study assesses the likelihood th...

Material identification in radiography is traditionally performed by dualenergy systems, using double exposure technique or two-layers detectors. Performance of such systems results from the closeness of the materials to be discriminated, from photonic noise, and energetic discriminating power of the detector. For difficult problems such as explosive detection in luggage, conventional dual-ener...

Unintended DNA rearrangements in a differentiating lymphocyte can have severe, oncogenic consequences, but the mechanisms for avoiding pathogenic outcomes in V(D)J recombination are not well understood. The first level at which fidelity is instituted is in discrimination by the recombination proteins between authentic and inauthentic recombination signal sequences. Nevertheless, this discrimina...

Maximum Likelihood (ML) modeling of multiclass data for classi cation often su ers from the following problems: a) data insu ciency implying overtrained or unreliable models b) large storage requirement c) large computational requirement and/or d) ML is not discriminating between classes. Sharing parameters across classes (or constraining the parameters) clearly tends to alleviate the rst three...

I examine whether after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 Muslim immigrants and immigrants who …t the Muslim Arab stereotype in Australia perceive a greater increase in religious and racial intolerance and discrimination compared to other immigrant groups. I also examine whether there is a di¤erential change in their labor market outcomes. I …nd that after 9/11 there is a greater incr...

Collaborative localization and discrimination of multiple acoustic sources is an important problem in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Localization approaches can be categorized as signal-based and feature-based methods. The signal-based methods are not suitable for collaborative localization in WSNs because they require transmission of raw acoustic data. In feature-based methods, signal featur...

This research builds on a series of recent studies that have reported independent effects of personal experiences of racial discrimination on poor mental health outcomes. We suggest that for one mental health outcome, problem drinking, discrimination experiences have an impact not only via abridged socioeconomic attainment and the frustrations associated with institutionally limited opportunity...

The present study examined the causal role of amount of Black ancestry in targets’ perceived fit with Black prototypes and perceivers’ categorization of biracial targets. Greater Black ancestry increased the likelihood that perceivers categorized biracial targets as Black and perceived targets as fitting Black prototypes (e.g., experiencing racial discrimination, possessing stereotypic traits)....

In this paper we present a visual learning technique that maximizes the discrimination between positive and negative examples in a training set. We demonstrate our technique in the context of face detection with complex background without color or motion information, which has proven to be a challenging problem. We use a family of discrete Markov processes to model the face and background patte...

Listeners may be able to recognise speech in adverse conditions by “glimpsing” time-frequency regions where the target speech is dominant. Previous computational attempts to identify such regions have been source-driven, using primitive cues. This paper describes a model-driven approach in which the likelihood of spectro-temporal patches of a noisy mixture representing speech is given by a gene...