The contribution of this paper is a framework for relating butterfly-shaped hysteresis maps to simple (single-loop) hysteresis maps, which are typically easier to model and more amenable to control design. In particular, a unimodal mapping is used to transform simple loops to butterfly loops. For the practically important class of piecewise monotone hysteresis maps, we provide conditions for pr...

One-pot reaction of AgSBu(t) and AgOAc in the methanol-ethanol-DMF solvent system under room temperature gave a ball-shaped Ag56 cluster and a disc-like Ag20 cluster. The formations of clusters and are templated by an in situ generated S(2-) ion from the cleavage of the S-C bond of SBu(t) and CO3(2-) ion from the fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide, respectively. Interestingly, cluster 1 onl...

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative neoplasm that develops as multifocal lesions, often involving the skin, accompanied by the accumulation of perivascular and interstitial spindle-shaped cells (1). The nature of the proliferating spindle-shaped cells in KS has been a "riddle within a puzzle" for the past century [reviewed in (2) ]. While the endothelial cell has been linked to the s...

When Bradyrhizobium japonicum I-110 was transferred into medium containing 40 mM succinate or 40 mM fumarate, over 90% of the bacteria acquired a swollen, pleomorphic form similar to that of bacteroids. The induction of pleomorphism was dependent on the carbon substrate and concentration but was independent of the hydrogen ion and sodium ion concentration. Cell extracts of rod-shaped and pleomo...

Graphene has emerged as an electronic material that is promising for device applications and for studying two-dimensional electron gases with relativistic dispersion near two Dirac points. Nonetheless, deviations from Dirac-like spectroscopy have been widely reported with varying interpretations. Here we show evidence for strain-induced spatial modulations in the local conductance of single-lay...

We have developed a new family of limited diffraction electromagnetic X-shaped waves based on the scalar X-shaped waves discovered previously. These waves are diffraction-free in theory and particle-like (wave packets), in that they maintain their shape as they propagate to an infinite distance. The “X waves” possess (theoretically) infinitely extended “arms” and —at least, the ones studied in ...

A 51-year-old female with exertional dyspnea was admitted. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed 2 defects at interatrial septum with left to right shunt (Fig. 1A). En face display of the interatrial septum by three-dimensional (3D) TTE demonstrated two ovoid atrial septal defects (ASDs). Two ovoid defects and interatrial septum formed like horseshoe (Fig. 1B). Transesophageal echocardi...

The self-assembly of anisotropic patchy particles with a triangular shape was studied by experiments and computer simulations. The colloidal particles were synthesized in a two-step seeded emulsion polymerization process, and consist of a central smooth lobe connected to two rough lobes at an angle of ∼90°, resembling the shape of a "Mickey Mouse" head. Due to the difference in overlap volume, ...

The Adachi Neural Network (AdNN) [1–5], is a fascinating Neural Network (NN) which has been shown to possess chaotic properties, and to also demonstrate Associative Memory (AM) and Pattern Recognition (PR) characteristics. Variants of the AdNN [6,7] have also been used to obtain other PR phenomena, and even blurring. A significant problem associated with the AdNN and its variants, is that all o...