I discuss the construction of realistic superstring standard–like models in the four dimensional free fermionic formulation. I discuss proton lifetime constraints on superstring models. I discuss the massless spectrum of the superstring standard–like models, the texture of fermion mass matrices in these models and argue that the realistic features of these models are due to the underlying Z2 × ...

We construct intersecting D5-brane orbifold models that yield the (non-supersymmetric) standard model up to vector-like matter and charged-singlet scalars. The models are constrained by the requirement that twisted tadpoles cancel, and that the gauge boson coupled to the weak hypercharge U(1)Y does not get a string-scale mass via a generalised Green-Schwarz mechanism. Gauge coupling constant ra...

We present a quantum-like (QL) model in that contexts (complexes of e.g. mental, social, biological, economic or even political conditions) are represented by complex probability amplitudes. This approach gives the possibility to apply the mathematical quantum formalism to probabilities induced in any domain of science. In our model quantum randomness appears not as irreducible randomness (as i...

This paper considers ideal gas-like models of trading markets, where each agent is identified as a gas molecule that interacts with others trading in elastic or money-conservative collisions. Traditionally, these models introduce different rules of random selection and exchange between pair agents. Unlike these traditional models, this work introduces a chaotic procedure able of breaking the pa...

the main objectives of a profitable organization are its survival, excellence and finally its prosperity. the organizational prosperity depends on performance based on dimensions called abilities and motivations of the organizations. therefore, the organizations need to have contingency integration between those two dimensions. in the past two decades, we have seen different views and models de...

Two bonding models i.e cumullenic and acetylenic models have been proposed to account for thebonding patterns in linear carbon clusters while the bonding patterns in cyclic and 3D geometrieS of theseclusters have remained ambiguous.This work presents the bonding patterns in various C4 and C5 pure clusters at MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level oftheory. This subject is studied in the light of modern bonding ...

product innovation success has very much to do with the development of models ormetaphors that are able to guide actors. one can observe two traditions in thisregard: rational and non-rational models. apparently in the former the model, suchas “development funnel”, is regarded as a mechanism and rigid applicable, picturinginnovation as an orderly, goal-oriented, value-neutral, and systematic pr...

background and objectives: germination and seedling establishment are two critical and important stages during plants growing season. from seed technology viewpoint, germination refers to emergence and development from seed embryo, so that could produce normal seedling. many studies  have been done to determine germination cardinal temperatures and required thermal time for emergence occurrence...