Life expectancies at birth are routinely computed from period life tables. Such period life expectancies may be distorted by selection when comparing countries where the living conditions improved earlier (like Norway and Sweden) with countries where they improved later (like Italy and Japan). One way to get a fair comparison between the countries, is to use cohort data and consider the expecte...

Although the concept of entropy has been under discussion for one and a half centuries, its philosophical depth has still not been properly explored and it is still one of the most complicated and controversial concepts of science. Its application to the study of social processes has started only in recent decades and no doubt this trend will continue. The author's first goal in this book is to...

Using mobile phone records and information theory measures, our daily lives have been recently shown to follow strict statistical regularities, and our movement patterns are, to a large extent, predictable. Here, we apply entropy and predictability measures to two datasets of the behavioral actions and the mobility of a large number of players in the virtual universe of a massive multiplayer on...

1 Data and Methods 1 1.1 The dataset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Location analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2.1 First approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.2 Second approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.2.3 Creating dayvectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.3 Data ...

Problem statement: Handling numerical data stored in a relational database has been performed differently from handling those numerical data stored in a single table due to the multiple occurrences (one-to-many association) of an individual record in the non-target table and non-determinate relations between tables. Numbers in Multi-Relational Data Mining (MRDM) were often discretized, after co...

In this paper a new adaptive entropy coding scheme for video compression is presented. It utilizes an adaptive arithmetic coding technique to better match the first order entropy of the coded symbols and to keep track of nonstationary symbol statistics. In addition, remaining symbol redundancies will be exploited by context modeling to further reduce the bit-rate. A novel approach for coding of...

the host plant quality not only influences on herbivorous insects but also indirectly could impact on their natural enemies’ performance. the current study was conducted to determine the effect of different nitrogen fertilization levels of canola (brassica napus l.) on life table parameters of the predatory gall midge, aphidoletes aphidimyza rondani; diptera: cecidomyiidae, in feeding of mustar...

Two thermodynamic principles offer considerable insight into the climatic and geological settings for life on other planets, namely (1) that natural systems tend to actually achieve the ideal (‘Carnot’) limit of conversion of heat into work and (2) if a fluid system such as an atmosphere has sufficient degrees of freedom, it will choose the degree of heat transport that maximizes the generation...

an investigation was carried out to study the developmental time, reproduction and life table of three populations of the onion thrips, thrips tabaci lindeman, on onion (khorasan and golestan populations) and also on tobacco (mazandaran population) in the laboratory at 25â°c, 50% rh and 16: 8 h l: d. the total life cycle from egg to adult of khorasan, golestan and mazandaran populations were ga...