During the past few years, we have seen some dramatic events that support licensing and certification of software professionals. The decision to license software engineers in the state of Texas was a landmark event. Other significant events include the establishment of undergraduate degree programs in software engineering, the merger of the CSAB and ABET accrediting bodies, and the plan to accr...

Cdt1 begins to accumulate in M phase and has a key role in establishing replication licensing at the end of mitosis or in early G1 phase. Treatments that damage the DNA of cells, such as UV irradiation, induce Cdt1 degradation through PCNA-dependent CRL4-Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase. How Cdt1 degradation is linked to cell cycle progression, however, remains unclear. In G1 phase, when licensing is esta...

We study three contractual arrangements – co-development, licensing, and co-development with opt-out options – for the joint development of new products between a small and financially constrained innovator firm and a large technology company, as in the case of a biotech innovator and a major pharma company. We formulate our arguments in the context of a two-stage model, characterized by techni...

When innovation is cumulative, early patentees can hold up later innovators. Under complete information, licensing before R&D avoids holdup. But when development costs are private information, ex ante licensing may only occur in regimes with sub-optimal patent policy.

This paper develops an incomplete contract model of the licensing relationship that is susceptible to the moral hazard problem. The optimal contractual form of licensing derived in the model generates predictions that seem to be consistent with actual practice. For instance, the introduction of inputs that are not contractible and costly explains the prevalence of royalty contracts in the licen...

NK cells are innate immune lymphocytes that can react to cells lacking self-MHC class I. However, NK cells that cannot engage self-MHC through an inhibitory receptor are resistant to stimulation through their activation receptors. To become licensed (i.e., functionally competent to be triggered through its activation receptors), an NK cell must engage host MHC class I via a MHC class I-specific...

V. LINKING ........................................................................................ 144 A. Hard Cores ............................................................................... 145 B. Soft Cores ................................................................................. 147 C. Libraries .....................................................................................

In this paper we draw some connection between the relation linking polarity items with their licensors, and the one holding between wh-phrases and weak-islands. Moreover, we briefly sketch how these relations can be modelled into Categorial Type Logic. 1 Composition Relations Linguistic signs of a same semantic type may differ in their distribution behavior. This can be expressed by differentia...

Citing the need for rapid product development, end-product manufacturers in a variety of industries license even core technologies from upstream technology provider firms while focusing primarily on efficient integration and/or assembly. In this paper we analyze the strategic introduction decisions of a technology provider firm who licenses new component technologies to such end-product manufac...

BACKGROUND The introduction of a systematic framework for the licensing of health care professions, which is a crucial step in ensuring the quality of human resources for health (HRH), is still evolving in Lao People's Democraic Republic. The aim of this study was to review and document the evolution of Lao HRH policies and the development of its national licensing system. CASE PRESENTATION A...