Background and Objectives: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) results in dysregulation of the cytokine profile. A switch from a T helper 1 (Th1) to a Th2 cytokine has been proposed as an important factor in progression of HIV infection to AIDS. The aim of the present study was to assess the level of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in HIV infected individuals in order to identify t...

aim : to evaluate the effect of active t. gondii tachyzoites and its products on the gene expression level of ifn-yr1 and ifn-yr2 in a murine model.   background : many studies have shown that the parasite toxoplasma gondii utilizes different mechanisms to inhibit the function of ifn-?, but the parasite effect on the function of ifn-yr1 and ifn-yr2 is still unclear. patients and methods : toxop...

results in patients with an svr, the serum levels of aminotransferases were decreased after hcv eradication. although general liver functional tests (albumin and total bilirubin) did not significantly change, the btr values significantly increased. however, in patients without an svr, an improvement in the btr value was not observed after ifn treatment. conclusions hcv eradication can improve t...

Background: Opium addiction alters immune responses to stresses such as an injury due to changing the secretion of cytokines. The present study assessed the effect of opium addiction on the cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10] before and after laparotomy. Methods: Male rats were randomly divided into control and opium addicted (n = 20...

Photosensitivity is a characteristic feature of some inflammatory skin diseases, including cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and dermatomyositis (DM). Among the various hypotheses that explain this phenomenon, an aberrant sensitivity keratinocytes (KC) deserves more attention, especially in case UVB photosensitivity, as epidermis almost entirely absorbs UVB. However, underlying mechanisms UVB...

Background & Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with chronic inflammatory immune response. Current therapies mostly rely on glucocorticoids which are accompanied by side-effects and mostly fail to achieve a favorable remission. Th17 subpopulation of T cells is increased in exacerbated SLE as IL-17 cytokine is overexpressed. ...

Background: As a T helper type 1 (Th1) derived cytokine, Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is an important regulator of inflammatory immune responses. Furthermore, IFN-γ plays an essential role in defense against tumors and intracellular pathogens. This study was designed to assess the pattern of IFN-γ production in human leukemic (Jurkat and Molt-4) T cell lines in vitro. Methods: Ju...

Viruses and viral components can be potent inducers of alpha/beta interferons (IFN-alpha/beta). In culture, IFN-alpha/beta prime for their own expression, in response to viruses, through interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) induction. The studies presented here evaluated the requirements for functional IFN receptors and the IFN signaling molecule STAT1 in IFN-alpha/beta induction during infec...

The decoction of Pheretima aspergillum is used as a traditional medicine for treatment of asthma in China with a long clinical history. The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-asthma activities of an active components group obtained from the decoction of Pheretima aspergillum in histamine and ovalubumin induced asthma guinea pigs. The incubation period of asthma, serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and ...

Nuclear protein IRF-1 (interferon regulatory factor 1) was earlier shown to bind to cis-acting regulatory elements present on interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta genes and some IFN-inducible genes. Here we show that in both human FS-4 and murine L929 cells, steady-state levels of IRF-1 mRNA were increased by treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1 (IL-1), poly(I).poly(C), or IFN-beta....