In this paper, we discuss the hierarchy that is involved in a typical MEMS design and how evolutionary approaches can be used to automate the hierarchical synthesis process for MEMS. The paper first introduces the flow of a structured MEMS design process and emphasizes that systemlevel lumped-parameter model synthesis is the first step of the MEMS synthesis process. At the system level, an appr...

Protoalgebraic logics are characterized by the monotonicity of the Leibniz operator on their theory lattices and are at the lower end of the Leibniz hierarchy of abstract algebraic logic. They have been shown to be the most primitive among those logics with a strong enough algebraic character to be amenable to algebraic study techniques. Protoalgebraic π -institutions were introduced recently a...

In this paper, behavioral-level synthesis techniques are presented for the design of reconfigurable hardware. The techniques are applicable for synthesis of several classes of designs, including 1) design for fault tolerance against permanent faults, 2) design for improved manufacturability, and 3) design of application specific programmable processors (ASPP’s)—processors designed to perform an...

The New York Police Department (NYPD) is tasked with responding to a wide range of incidents that are reported through the city’s 911 emergency hotline. Currently, response resources are distributed within police precincts on the basis of high-level summary statistics and expert reasoning. In this paper, we describe our first steps towards a better understanding of 911 call activity: temporal b...

Balc azar, Book, and Sch oning introduced the extended low hierarchy based on the levels of the polynomial-time hierarchy as follows: for k 1, level k of the extended low hierarchy is the set ELP; k = fA j Pk (A) Pk 1(A SAT)g. Allender and Hemachandra and Long and Sheu introduced re nements of the extended low hierarchy based on the and -levels, respectively, of the polynomial-time hierarchy: ...

Emulation systems always seem to be labeled as either FPGA-based or processor-based. While the origin of this categorization is unknown, we do know that the classification is not technically accurate because the term “processor-based” describes architecture and “FPGA-based” describes silicon implementation. Historically, FPGAs were used in emulators to implement a gate-level mapping of the desi...

Open-field behaviour was recorded during 6-min forced exploration tests. In total, 483 tests were pedormed for following mice species: Apodemus agrarius, A.microps, A.sylvaticus, A.flavicollis, A.mystacinus, Mus musculus, M.domesticus and F1 hybrids of the last two species. Considerable variation among species was found for most behavioural patterns recorded. High level of number of squares cro...