The Japanese adaptation of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR-J) is a tailored version of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), designed to better meet the needs of Japanese learners of English. The CEFR-J, like the CEFR, uses illustrative  descriptors  known  as  can-do  statements,  that  describe  achievement  goals  for five  skills  (listening,  reading,  spoken ...

A well designed traditional software system is capable of recognising and either avoiding or recovering from a number of expected events. However, during the design phase it is not possible to envision and thus equip the software to handle all events or perturbations that can occur; this limits the extent of adaptability that can be achieved. Alternatively a goal-oriented system has the potenti...

In this paper we describe ASH, an architectural framework for implementing Application-Specific Hardware. ASH is based on automatic hardware synthesis from high-level languages. The generated circuits use only localized computation structures; in consequence, we expect these circuits to be fast, to use little power and to scale well with program complexity. We present in detail CASH, a scalable...

Abstract The development of the Internet and big data has led to emergence graphs as an important representation structure in various real-world scenarios. However, size increases, computational complexity memory requirements pose significant challenges for graph embedding. To address this challenge, paper proposes a multilevel embedding refinement framework (MERIT) based on large-scale graphs,...