In 1998, during a toxicological surveillance of various marine fouling organisms in Hiroshima Bay, Japan, specimens of the ribbon worm, Cephalothrix simula (Nemertea: Palaeonemertea) were found. These ribbon worms contained toxins with extremely strong paralytic activity. The maximum toxicity in terms of tetrodotoxin (TTX) was 25,590 mouse units (MU) per gram for the whole worm throughout the m...

Recent studies have shown efficacy of febantel (FBT) against Microsporidium seriolae in Seriola fish. ​This study evaluated the toxicity FBT quinqueradiata. ​Fish were gavage fed with feed containing various doses (50 to 1,000 mg/kg/day (d)) for 14 or 28 consecutive days and monitored growth survival. ​Major mortality started at 7 fish given 200 mg/kg/d FBT, while onset 50 100 groups was delaye...

background: the problem of the environmental pollution by nanoparticles, which have recently entered the cycle of industries process in iran, is very important and can be prevented with applying the proper management approaches. one of the most practical compounds is zno nanoparticle. in the present study  the (lethal concentration-50) lc50 24hr and 48hr of zno nanoparticles exposed-to reactive...

Effects of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on the morphology and survival of the cnidarian Hydra attenuata were studied under acute exposure conditions. The lethal concentration value inducing 50% mortality after 96 h was 97.5 +/- 20 microg/L, whereas the lethal concentration value inducing 10% mortality after 96 h was 64 +/- 25.5 microg/L. The no-observed-effect concentration based on morphological crite...

Objective: Mesobuthus tumulus is the most lethal among all poisonous species of scorpion. Aristolochia indica is one of the plants which have long been used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of poisoning by animal bites. Hence the study was planned to evaluate the ethanolic extract of Aristolochia indica for the treatment of Mesobuthus tamulus envenoming. Materials and Methods: C...

Previously, toxicity of some synthetic detergents (including laundry detergents) to the plant seedlings several species terrestrial higher plants was discovered in research conducted at Moscow University by S.A.Ostroumov. A new example a detergent found this study. The tested, namely liquid (LLD) “Blue Moon”, which manufactured Blue Moon Group Co, Ltd (Guangzhou, China), produced noticeable phy...

The uptake of fluorescently labeled ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (2 nm) by Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria occurs within 1–3 hours. This was demonstrated confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), structured illumination (SIM), stochastic optical reconstruction (STORM), and flow cytometry. For imaging, eGFP-expressing DsRed2-expressing E. strains were used in addition to non-fluorescin...

Pretreatment with dexamethasone (Dex) was not toxic for U937 cells but caused a rapid lethal response upon subsequent exposure to otherwise nontoxic concentrations of peroxynitrite. This effect was not associated with enhanced formation of hydrogen peroxide taking place after peroxynitrite and was shown previously to play a pivotal role in the ensuing lethal response. Further analyses revealed ...

Activated cyclophosphamides such as 4-sulfoethylthiocyclophosphamide (mafosfamide) are suitable for a local intracavitary chemotherapy, whereas cyclophosphamide requires a metabolic activation. Mafosfamide administered i.p. in mice was less toxic (50% lethal dose, 640 mg/kg) than its i.v. application (50% lethal dose, 480 mg/kg). A further remarkable reduction of toxicity with an increase of th...

Fire combustion products contain a broad range of chemicals, which have a multitude of possible toxic interactions in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of selected substances commonly produced during fire combustion. A range of human cell lines and cultures including: skin fibroblasts, HepG2 (liver derived), and A549 (lung derived cells) were used to represent diffe...