AIMS Amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in the walls of leptomeningeal arteries as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a major feature of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we used global quantitative proteomic analysis to examine the hypothesis that the leptomeningeal arteries derived from patients with CAA have a distinct endophenotypic profile compared to those from young and elderly controls....

INTRODUCTION Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare malignant cutaneous neoplasm that is locally invasive and frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bone and brain. The incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma has increased in the past three decades. CASE PRESENTATION A 65-year-old Caucasian man presented with a sudden onset of severe headache and a three-month history of balance disturbanc...

Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. Imaging is used to detect metastases in patients with known malignancies and new neurological signs or symptoms, as well as to screen for CNS involvement in patients with known cancer. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the key imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of brain me...

Three children with known primary brain neoplasms and leptomeningeal disease were evaluated with MR imaging. Two of the patients had medulloblastoma and one had pineoblastoma. The presence of leptomeningeal tumor spread was established by positive CSF cytopathology in conjunction with compatible contrast-enhanced CT findings. Contrast-enhanced CT, nonenhanced MR, and Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR studies...

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, known by a variety of names, including leptomeningeal metastases and neoplastic meningitis, indicates spread of tumor to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and invasion of the subarachnoid space. The term leptomeningeal (from the Greek lepto, meaning “fine” or “slight”) describes the thin meninges, the arachnoid and the pia mater, between which the CSF is located. Alth...

BACKGROUND We performed this study to semi-quantitatively characterize the formation of leptomeningeal collaterals in acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion caused by intravascular balloon inflation. METHODS The anatomic extent of leptomeningeal collateral blood flow from the anterior cerebral artery territory to the MCA territory during occlusion of the M1 segment was graded based on a...

Brain metastases are unusual from urethelial carcinoma of bladder and particularly the occurrence of leptomeningeal metastases is extremely rare, with few cases described in the literature. We present a case of a 45-year-old man with a rare brain metastases as the first metastatic manifestation secondary to urethelial carcinoma of bladder followed by leptomeningeal metastases without any other ...