Lichens have a vital role in forest ecosystems and they are threatened group boreal forests. However, the conservation ecology of total lichen community has very rarely been studied. Here we studied species communities, including macrolichens (=foliose fruticose growth forms) crustose lichens, on decaying wood spruce-dominated forests Finland. We also obligate lignicoles that grow only dead mos...

In polar regions, vegetation is especially sensitive to climate dynamics and thus can be used as an indicator of the global regional environmental change. However, in Antarctica, there very little information on distribution growth status. To fill this gap, we evaluated ability both linear nonlinear spectral mixture analysis (SMA) models, including a group newly developed modified Nascimento’s ...

lichen species (hypogymnia physodes and evernia prunastri) were used for biomonitoring thepossible air pollution with heavy metals in the vicinity of copper mine in the eastern part of the republic ofmacedonia. the contents of 18 elements were analysed by icp-aes and etaas techniques. for dataprocessing basic statistical methods and multivariate exploratory (factor and cluster analysis) techniq...

Changes in land use disrupt ecosystem patterns and processes and serve as precursors to other biotic and abiotic stressors. Forest ecosystems in the urban core typically differ structurally and functionally from those in rural areas. The overall objective of the study was to determine concentrations of selected air-borne contaminants (N, S, and heavy metals) over space and time and relate these...

Lichens have long been considered as composite organisms composed of algae and/or cyanobacteria hosted by a fungus in mutualistic relationship. Other gradually discovered within the lichen thalli, such multiple algal species, yeasts, or even viruses. Of pivotal relevance is existence microbiome, which community microorganisms that can be found living together on surface. This performs growing n...