Field experiments, conducted in 29 air-conditioned offices, used survey questionnaires and physical measurements to investigate workers’ subjective thermal responses and comfort perception. A total of 650 individuals participated in the field study. The thermal neutrality and thermal preference of subjects occurred at 25.6°C and 24.1°C respectively. Responses from those subjects suggest a comfo...

This study examined the relationship between self and subordinate ratings of leadership and the relationship between self and peer ratings of leadership for 964 managers from 21 countries. Using multilevel modeling, the authors found that cultural characteristics moderated the relationship between self and others' ratings of leadership. Specifically, the relationship between self and subordinat...

There are several approaches in the literature for automatically generating Infinite Mario Bros levels. The evaluation of such approaches is often performed solely with computational metrics such as leniency and linearity. While these metrics are important for an initial exploratory evaluation of the content generated, it is not clear whether they are able to capture the player’s perception of ...

Abstract The article critically discusses the requirements of ECN+ Directive with regard to leniency programmes and whether goal this – inter alia eliminate discrepancies between national has been achieved. authors: (1) analyse in respect as well legal framework EU Member States, focusing especially on France Poland, but making reference also selected other (2) compare how these issues are regu...

Abstract We study how patenting enhances customer capital and creates financial value in a product market characterized by information asymmetry between firm insiders customers. find that firms with more higher quality patents develop greater capital, as measured positive perceptions of novelty quality. To establish causality, we exploit the exogenous variation random assignment patent examiner...

This article aims to explain the under-researched phenomenon of why European Commission (the Commission), as ‘guardian Treaties’, tolerates member states’ noncompliance with EU law. While major accounts selective enforcement depict a self-serving political entrepreneur, this paper assumes that it is trustee guardian treaties safeguard stability and integrity legal order. For purpose, theorized ...

In four empirical studies, we showed that laypeople apply the ignorance of the law defense differently depending on the perceived morality of the defendant’s course of conduct at the time of the illegal act. Moral and neutral defendants who pled ignorance of the law were afforded leniency, whereas immoral defendants were sentenced as though they were not ignorant, even when defendants in all th...