The unprecedented advancement of the internet is complementing and even replacing the traditional commerce transactions. While face-to-face merchant agreements and paper-based contracts have always been the mechanism for facilitating business transactions nowadays web contracting is introducing a business environment where web contracts are in digital form, are created in a global electronic ma...

Voting via the Internet is part of electronic government and electronic democracy. However, there are many obstacles which have to be overcome, especially legal restrictions have to be transformed into technical and security solutions. In the first part the article discusses advantages and disadvantages of Internet elections, shows different application fields, and presents important internatio...

The study of the formal attributes of legal systems such as consistency, completeness, independence and generality is of special interest in legal philosophy and legal theory. Apart from concern with the content of the law, these formal attributes constitute desiderata without which a legal system is considered deficient. Legisprudence is a relatively new discipline within legal theory that stu...

Research has demonstrated that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can be used to bully and harass children on-line. Cyber-bullying and harassment can be deeply traumatic to the victim and can cause psychological harm. This article assesses possible legal solutions to this problem. The emphasis is on the criminal law, the more normal solution to the infliction of harm and distress ...

Mass drug screening offers a deceptively simple solution to the problem of drug use among workers. Even a very effective test is subject to error. In any given group of tested individuals, some will unavoidably be falsely accused. Even though scientific tests appear to provide efficient solutions to social and legal problems, these tests should not be accepted unless they also meet our standard...

The organisation of a bank of biological material as part of an epidemiologic study raises a number of problems. The first part of the paper discusses, in the context of the French regulation, the legal obligations, the administrative problems, the locations selected for the biological sampling, the strategy for sending out invitations to the participants, and the logistic of biological samples...

Testing of image intensifier tubes is still done using mostly manual methods due to a series of both technical and legal problems with test automation. Computerized stations for semi-automated testing of IITs are considered as novelty and are under continuous improvements. This paper presents a novel test station that enables semiautomated measurement of image intensifier tubes. Wide test capab...

Concomitant with the increased market appeal of cloud-based services, there is growing concern over issues of privacy within the architecture. In this paper, we analyze what is meant by the term privacy from a legal perspective, and how the meaning of cloud computing and their operation may be affected in at least one jurisdiction. We also look at some possible solutions to addressing privacy i...

Many optimization problems require the satisfaction of constraints in addition to their objectives. When using an evolutionary algorithm to solve such problems, these constraints can be enforced in many different ways to ensure that legal solutions (phenotypes) are evolved. We have identified eleven ways to handle constraints within various stages of an evolutionary algorithm. Five of these met...

The main message of this position paper is that technology need not necessarily be an obstacle to privacy protection: if legal and social issues are considered from the outset, then technology can also be used to allow individuals to exercise their rights. We believe that the key issue is to devise techniques able to support ambitious privacy protection policies while allowing for the flexibili...