Given positive integers d and n, there is an integer N such that for every injective map ffrom { 1 ..... N} a into R there is a subset A = A1 x A2 x ... × Ad of { 1 ..... N} a such that (1) each Aj has n elements, (2) the restriction of f to A is monotone in each coordinate, (3) there is an ordering of the coordinates such that f on A is texicographic with respect to that ordering. Because inje...

Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) transmit preferences for novel foods socially by smelling each other's breath. However, rats fail to learn aversions, acquiring a preference even if the rat whose breath they smell has been poisoned. Rats can distinguish between sick and healthy conspecifics and social learning of both preferences and aversions is present in other species - hence it is unclear wh...

Recent research has indicated that vicarious learning can lead to increases in children's fear beliefs and avoidance preferences for stimuli and that these fear responses can subsequently be reversed using positive modeling (counterconditioning). The current study investigated children's vicariously acquired avoidance behavior, physiological responses (heart rate), and attentional bias for stim...

Spatial patterns are important cues for flower detection and recognition by nectar-feeding insects. Pattern vision has been studied in much detail in bees and flies but rarely in butterflies and moths. In this paper, I present a first proof of pattern-learning abilities in a moth, and discuss reasons for the limitations to their pattern learning. The diurnal hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum sp...

This study was conducted to explore the relationship between Internet self-efficacy and preferences toward constructivist Internet-based learning environments. The sample included 365 college students in Taiwan who all majored in early childhood care and pre-school education. Some of them were preservice pre-school teachers (n=185), and the rest of them were inservice pre-school teachers who pu...

Background The student diversity in the Vocational Training Council (VTC) has been increasing in recent years. With most students coming from the Post 90s Generation, they share characteristics of the Net Generation, who are ‘associated with new forms of sociality’[1]. It is therefore important to update teachers to the learning styles and learning preferences of their students. Learning style ...

The article encompasses the theoretical background and practical concept of teaching/learning through online courses as an example of smart solution of e-learning system adjusting to individual learning preferences, including students’ reflection on the individualized online instruction. First, the ‘Unlocking the Will to Learn’ concept by C.A. Johnston is introduced and implemented in the resea...

Empirical studies that have examined psychological aspects of the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have indicated that certain psychological attitudes of students towards the use of ICT are of paramount importance when evaluating the effective use of distance learning approaches to instruction and learning. Distance learning at the tertiary level, through the medium of ICT,...

It has long been recognized that users can have complex preferences on plans. Non-intrusive learning of such preferences by observing the plans executed by the user is an attractive idea. Unfortunately, the executed plans are often not a true representation of user preferences, as they result from the interaction between user preferences and feasibility constraints. In the travel planning scena...