In the last decade, careful studies of the living brain have opened the way for human consciousness to return to the heights it held before the behavioristic coup of 1913. This is illustrated by seven cases: (1) the discovery of widespread brain activation during conscious perception; (2) high levels of regional brain metabolism in the resting state of consciousness, dropping drastically in unc...

Adoption and maintenance of health behaviors require two separate processes that take place in a motivation phase and in a volition phase. First, an intention to change is developed, among others, on the basis of self-beliefs. Second, self-regulation is at stake when it comes to planning, initiating, maintaining, and relapse management. Social cognition models of health behavior change address ...

Introduction: Working in the complex and ever changinghealthcare settings forces the nurses and nursing students to beequipped with lifelong learning skills. One of the lifelong learningskills is self-directed learning. This study aimed to explore theM.Sc. nursing students’ self-directed learning activities.Methods: A qualitative design using conventional content analysisapproach was used in th...

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Defining complexity 3. The evolution of complexity in the natural realm 4. The self-organizing universe: perpetual novelty in the natural world 5. Coping with complexity: the historical, social, and human, implications of complexity 6. Exploring complexity: agent-based genetic and emergent models of complex systems 7. Knowledge management 8. Organizational learning a...

Studying examples is a natural and common way of learning, and students use examples extensively when acquiring new skills [1, 2]. However, the learning benefits of examples are unclear, some studies showing great benefits [3], but others indicating only ability to solve problems similar to the original examples [4, 5]. However, self-explaining examples, that is analyzing and generating justifi...

Bilingual speakers may select between two languages either on demand (forced language selection) or on their own volition (free language selection). However, the neural substrates underlying free and forced language selection may differ. While the neural substrates underlying forced language selection have been well-explored with language switching paradigms, those underlying free language sele...

Information technology (IT) adoption research recognizes theoretical limitations in discerning if and when user behavior results from perceived external infl uences or from personal volition. A clear understanding of this issue requires a precise distinction between mandatory and volitional behaviors. Consistent with organismic integration theory (OIT), this study situates the locus of user mot...