نتایج جستجو برای: learner language
تعداد نتایج: 443101 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Learning a language is said to implicate self-concept in a way that does not occur in other disciplines, and to entail a particular kind of anxiety related only to language situations (see Gardner & Mac Intyre, 1993; Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope, 1986, 1991). To date, however, research into affective learner variables such as anxiety, self-confidence and motivation and their impact on learner perfor...
In verbal communication, the primary purpose of which is to convey and understand messages, speakers need to make intelligible utterances. The intelligibility of an utterance depends on the sentence structure, discourse, and the vocabulary usage. In foreign-language utterances, “errors” can reduce the intelligibility. The correct and appropriate use of vocabulary is essential for successful mes...
We present a strategy for dependency annotation of corpora of second language learners, dividing the annotation into different layers and separating linguistic constraints from realizations. Specifically, subcategorization information is required to compare to the annotation of realized dependencies. Building from this, we outline dependency annotation for coordinate structures, detailing a num...
Arabic is a Semitic language that is rich in its morphology and syntax. The very numerous and complex grammar rules of the language could be confusing even for Arabic native speakers. Many Arabic intelligent computerassisted language-learning (ICALL) systems have neither deep error analysis nor sophisticated error handling. In this paper, we report an attempt at developing an error analyzer and...
this article reports on the findings of a study that investigated the impact of manipulating task performance conditions on listening task performance by learners of english as a foreign language (efl). the study was designed to explore the effects of changing complexity dimensions on listening task performance and to achieve two aims: to see how listening comprehension task performance was aff...
The present study investigated the potential role of tasks in engaging Iranian EFL learners in task-supported language learning, affecting on learner-centered instruction and the correspondence between the objectives and contents in current pre-university English course book (Learning to Read English for Pre-University Students). To do this, 100 Iranian EFL teachers of pre-university grade were...
the construct of self-efficacy has received increasing attention in research over the past two decades. many studies have been carried out 1.3 significance of the study this study has pedagogical implications since improving students’ self- efficacy and autonomy is important for promoting actual performance on classroom academic tasks. in academic settings, it has been shown that self-effi...
The present study investigated the potential role of tasks in engaging Iranian EFL learners in task-supported language learning, affecting on learner-centered instruction and the correspondence between the objectives and contents in current pre-university English course book (Learning to Read English for Pre-University Students). To do this, 100 Iranian EFL teachers of pre-university grade were...
Language proficiency tests are a useful tool for evaluating learner progress, if the test difficulty fits the level of the learner. In this work, we describe a generalized framework for test difficulty prediction that is applicable to several languages and test types. In addition, we develop two ranking strategies for candidate evaluation inspired by automatic solving methods based on language ...
We examine some non-canonical annotation categories that license missing material (ellipses and enumerations). In extending these categories to learner data, the distinctions seem to require an annotator to determine whether a sentence is grammatical or not when deciding between particular analyses. We unpack the assumptions surrounding the annotation of learner language and how these particula...
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