Low birth weight is a multi-factorial problem with a wide spectrum of health related problems from its origin to later in life. It is one of the important causes of high infant’s mortality and morbidity rate in developing countries. The rate of low birth weight continues to increase; putting more children at risk of health related consequences, because it has an independent effect on child heal...

Higher asthma rates are one of the more obvious ways that health inequalities between African American and other children are manifested beginning in early childhood. In 2010, black asthma rates were double non-black rates. Some but not all of this difference can be explained by factors such as a higher incidence of low birth weight (LBW) among blacks; however, even conditional on LBW, blacks h...

Several studies have identified social inequalities in low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which, in recent years, have diminished or disappeared in certain locations. OBJECTIVES Estimate the LBW, PTB, and IUGR rates in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, in 2010, and check for associations between socioeconomic factors and these indicators. METH...

The cross-sectional hospital based study was undertaken to provide an efficient and useful cut off point of maternal early third trimester weight, for low birth weight (LBW), based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve among Bengalee mothers of Kolkata, India. A total of 233 mother-baby pairs were included in the present analysis. The means for maternal age and weight were 23.44 (SD...

Background: Birth weight reflects gestational conditions and development during the fetal period. Low birth weight (LBW) may be associated with antenatal care (ANC) adequacy and quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze ANC adequacy and its relationship with LBW in the Unified Health System in Brazil. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 2004 to 20...

proximal segement of left upper limb with varus deformity and limited movement of left elbow joint. Investigations revealed normal hemogram, liver function tests, kidney function tests, serum electrolytes and ultrasound skull. Ultrasound abdomen showed small right kidney with normal echotexture. X-ray of the baby showed micrognathia, hypoplastic left humerus, bilateral femoral hypoplasia, varia...

BACKGROUND Studies on the association between prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and term low birth weight (LBW) have resulted in inconsistent findings. Most studies were conducted in snapshots of small geographic areas and no national study exists. OBJECTIVES We investigated geographic variation in the associations between ambient PM2.5 duri...

INTRODUCTION Low birth weight (LBW, birth weight less than 2500 g) is associated with infant mortality and childhood morbidity. Poor maternal nutritional status is one of several contributing factors to LBW. We systematically reviewed the evidence for nutrition-specific (addressing the immediate determinants of nutrition) and nutrition-sensitive (addressing the underlying cause of undernutritio...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Birth weight is the most important factor that affects infant and child mortality. The most common cause of low birth is malnutrition before and during the pregnancy period. The present study was conducted to explore the associated risk factors of low birth weight which will be helpful to undertake effective measures to reduce the incidence of the low birth weight babie...

BACKGROUND Birth weight reflects gestational conditions and development during the fetal period. Low birth weight (LBW) may be associated with antenatal care (ANC) adequacy and quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze ANC adequacy and its relationship with LBW in the Unified Health System in Brazil. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 2004 to 20...