in this paper, single, bi-layered and three-layered tube hydroforming processes were numerically simulated using the finite element method. it was found that the final bulges heights resulted from the models were in good agreement with the experimental results. three types of modeling were kept with the same geometry, tube material and process parameters to be compared between the obtained hydr...

Lateral subsurface flow (LSF) is a phenomenon frequently occurring in the field induced by local water saturation along horizon boundaries under nonequilibrium conditions. However, observations of LSF undisturbed soils controlled irrigation laboratory are limited but needed for model improvement, prediction, and quantification LSF. We present method extracting an soil monolith boundary introduc...

ocean waters often show layered structures especially where exchange flow between two basins occurs. these structures are often attributed to processes such as double.diffusive convection, internal waves, turbulent modulated mixing. in this paper by examining the vertical structures of temperature, salinity and density, of the middle parts of caspian sea it is shown that such layered structure ...

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 299 I. THE LAYERED MODEL............................................................ 302 A. Original Intent of the SMC Layered Policy Model........... 302 B. Current Regulatory Structure -A Review ......................... 302 C. Layered Model Description................................................

1. Soil Formation is a Global Natural Process 2. Factors of Soil Formation 3. Stages of Soil Formation 4. Processes of Soil Formation 5. Genesis of Soils under Different Ecologic Conditions 5.1. Genesis of Soils under Conditions of Cryogenesis 5.2. Genesis of Soils of Forest Landscapes in a Zone of Moderate Climate 5.3. Genesis of Soils in Landscapes of Steppes and Prairies 5.4. Genesis of Soil...

An intensive investigation was conducted to study the distribution of trace metals in surface soils of Hong Kong and to assess the soil environmental quality. From results of cluster analysis, and comparisons among soil types and areas, it is clearly shown that increases in trace metal concentrations in the soils were generally extensive and obvious in urban and orchard soils, less so in vegeta...

Soft clays are problematic soils as they present high compressibility and low shear strength. There several methods for improving in situ conditions of soft clays. Based on the geotechnical problem's geometry characteristics, may require reinforcement to restrain instability construction settlements. Granular columns reinforced by geosynthetic material widely used reduce settlements embankments...