It has been shown that road safety laws, such as motorcycle helmet and safety belt laws, have a significant effect in reducing road fatalities. Although an expanding body of literature has documented the effects of these laws on road safety, it remains unclear which factors influence the likelihood that these laws are enacted. This study attempts to identify the factors that influence the decis...

A comparison is made between the symmetries and conservation laws admitted by nonlinear telegraph NLT systems. Such systems are not variational. Unlike the situation for variational systems where all conservation laws arise from symmetries, there are many NLT systems that admit more conservation laws than symmetries. The results are summarized in a table which includes the numbers of symmetries...

The ubiquitous schema ‘All Fs are Gs’ dominates much philosophical discussion on laws but rarely is it shown how actual laws mentioned and used in science are supposed to fit it. After consideration of a variety of laws, including those obviously conditional and those superficially not conditional (such as equations), I argue that we have good reason to support the traditional interpretation of...

one of the worst phenomena in a muslim’s life is apostasy. an apostate has renounced the faith and denies the principles and precepts of religion after accepting it. if either parent or both are muslims and their child accepted islam after his maturity, but he denied it later, he/she is called a natural apostate. however, if a person was born to a non-muslim family and converted to islam after ...

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 19741 ("ERISA" or "the Act") is a comprehensive federal statute which imposes minimum standards on employee benefit plans. To prevent conflicting state regulation, ERISA preempts state laws which "relate to" these plans. 2 ERISA's preemption, however, is not complete. Consistent with the federal policy embodied in the McCarran-Ferguson Act 3 of lea...

Since the Supreme Court’s 1973 decision legalizing abortion, many states have enacted laws restricting women’s access to an abortion. There has been considerable empirical research on the impact of these restrictive state abortion laws on women’s pregnancy resolution decisions. This paper reviews the empirical evidence regarding restrictions on abortion access. The empirical evidence indicates ...

This paper sketches a dispositionalist conception of laws and shows how the dispositionalist should respond to certain objections. The view that properties are essentially dispositional is able to provide an account of laws that avoids the problems that face the two views of laws (the regularity and the contingent nomic necessitation views) that regard properties as categorical and laws as cont...

In this paper, a method for image deformation is presented. It is based upon decomposition of the deformation problem into basic physical laws. Unlike other methods that solve a differential or an energetic formulation of the physical laws involved, we encode the basic laws using computational algebraic topology. Conservative laws are translated into exact global values and constitutive laws ar...