In contrast to the Loop Current and rings, much less is known about deep eddies (deeper than 1000 m) of the Gulf of Mexico. In this paper, results from a high-resolution numerical model of the Gulf are analyzed to explain their origin and how they excite topographic Rossby waves (TRWs) that disperse energy to the northern slopes of the Gulf. It is shown that north of Campeche Bank is a fertile ...

Individual case studies have shown that extratropical transition (ET) is associated with a decrease in the skill of subsequent downstream numerical weather prediction model forecasts. The degraded performance is often associated with the uncertainty that could originate in how the outflow from the TC impinges on the midlatitude waveguide, leading to the generation of a Rossby wave packet. Moreo...

As the waters of marine primary production, euphotic zone is living environment for aquatic organisms. Eddies account 90% ocean’s kinetic energy and they affect organisms’ habitats by excitation vertical velocities horizontal advection nutrients ecosystems. Satellite observations indicate that anticyclones mainly deepen depth, while cyclones do opposite. The anomalies reach 5 m on average in re...

Abstract Tropical cyclones (TCs) are known to bring heavy rainfall, strong winds and severe storm surges simultaneously, resulting in tremendous damage beyond the effects of a single hazard. However, compound impacts TC multi‐hazards remain unexplored macroeconomic assessments. Here, we provide empirical evidence on multi‐hazard economic losses for first time. We used national panel provincial ...

We examined the number of tropical cyclones and cyclone days as well as tropical cyclone intensity over the past 35 years, in an environment of increasing sea surface temperature. A large increase was seen in the number and proportion of hurricanes reaching categories 4 and 5. The largest increase occurred in the North Pacific, Indian, and Southwest Pacific Oceans, and the smallest percentage i...

Several studies have examined the sensitivity of fronts and cyclones to model physics over the ocean or flat terrain in mesoscale models (e.g., Zhang et al. 1999). Nonetheless, fewer studies have examined the sensitivity of fronts and cyclones over complex terrain to model physics in the WRF model at very high resolution. Physics parameterizations in the WRF model, including multiple choices of...

Recent tropical seasons in the Atlantic basin have been quite active. This has translated to an increased frequency of land falling tropical cyclones in the United States. In several instances, a concentrated area of heavy rainfall was observed well upstream from the land falling tropical system itself; separate from the cyclone’s primary precipitation shield. In some of the more pronounced cas...

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Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) over East Asia and Northwest Pacific are identified tracked by applying an objective algorithm to the 850-hPa relative vorticity fields from ERA-Interim reanalysis. A total of 2866 ETCs originating at western side date line have been in extended November–March winters 1979 2018. The ETC tracks counted visualized using a hexagonal tessellation rather than regular lo...