Understanding degeneration of biological and prosthetic knee joints requires knowledge of the in-vivo loading environment during activities of daily living. Musculoskeletal models can estimate medial/lateral tibiofemoral compartment contact forces, yet anthropometric differences between individuals make accurate predictions challenging. We developed a full-body OpenSim musculoskeletal model wit...

BACKGROUND Lateral offset center of rotation (COR) reduces the incidence of scapular notching and potentially increases external rotation range of motion (ROM) after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). The purpose of this study was to determine the biomechanical effects of changing COR on abduction and external rotation ROM, deltoid abduction force, and joint stability. MATERIALS AND ...

Lateral growth crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon with single and multiple pulse excitation using a Nd:YAG laser at a wavelength of 532 nm and a 3 ns pulse width at a repetition of 10 Hz is shown. With single pulse crystallization, large grain sizes of the order of 1 mm were obtained with an energy density .400 mJ/cm, and these have been studied using transmission electron micros...

We investigated the effects of orientation angle on the adhesion of single gecko setae using dual-axis microelectromechanical systems force sensors to simultaneously detect normal and shear force components. Adhesion was highly sensitive to the pitch angle between the substrate and the seta's stalk. Maximum lateral adhesive force was observed with the stalk parallel to the substrate, and adhesi...

The combination of ultrasound with atomic force microscopy (AFM) opens the high lateral resolution of scanning probe techniques to ultrasonics. Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) and lateral atomic force acoustic microscopy are techniques which use the vibration modes of AFM cantilevers. In the AFAM-mode the cantilever is vibrating in one of its flexural resonances while the sensor tip is ...

Active force generation by outer hair cells (OHCs) underlies amplification and frequency tuning in the mammalian cochlea but whether such a process exists in nonmammals is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hair cells of the chicken auditory papilla possess an electromechanical force generator in addition to active hair bundle motion due to mechanotransducer channel gating. The properties of th...

Background. It is unclear whether the clinical use of tibial rotation to measure the strength of the medial hamstrings and lateral hamstrings in isolation is based on sound scientific evidence or is simply based on anatomical features. Objectives. To verify the appropriateness of tibial rotation for isolation of the medial hamstrings and lateral hamstrings, the participants performed neutral r...

We used principal component analysis to dissect the mechanics of chemotaxis of amoeboid cells into a reduced set of dominant components of cellular traction forces and shape changes. The dominant traction force component in wild-type cells accounted for ~40% of the mechanical work performed by these cells, and consisted of the cell attaching at front and back contracting the substrate towards i...

Light can exert radiation pressure on any object it encounters and that resulting optical force can be used to manipulate particles. It is commonly assumed that light should move a particle forward and indeed an incident plane wave with a photon momentum ħk can only push any particle, independent of its properties, in the direction of k. Here we demonstrate, using full-wave simulations, that an...

Berthing force is a critical dynamic lateral force in the design of berthing structures, having equal relevance when compared to seismic forces. Besides, the construction cost of berthing structures is very high which can be optimized by calculating precise design berthing energy on fender and selecting optimum fender system. In the present study, design berthing energy of bulk carriers having ...