Several studies have pointed out the dependence of low-cloud feedbacks on the strength of the lower-tropospheric convective mixing. By analyzing a series of single-column model experiments run by a climate model using two different convective parametrizations, this study elucidates the physical mechanisms through which marine boundary-layer clouds depend on this mixing in the present-day climat...

We present estimates of turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum derived from low level (∼30 m) aircraft measurements over the tropical Eastern Pacific and provide empirical relationships that are valid under high wind speed conditions (up to 25 ms−1). The estimates of total momentum flux and turbulent kinetic energy can be represented very accurately (r2=0.99, when data are binned every 1 ms−1) b...

This paper presents a fractional mathematical model of a one-dimensional phase-change problem (Stefan problem) with a variable latent-heat (a power function of position). This model includes space–time fractional derivatives in the Caputo sense and time-dependent surface-heat flux. An approximate solution of this model is obtained by using the optimal homotopy asymptotic method to find the solu...

Sequences that conform to the 5' splice site (5'SS) consensus are highly abundant in mammalian introns. Most of these sequences are preceded by at least one in-frame stop codon; thus, their use for splicing would result in pre-maturely terminated aberrant mRNAs. In normally grown cells, such intronic 5'SSs appear not to be selected for splicing. However, under heat shock conditions aberrant spl...

In the unit circle with radius R = E0 = mc2 = 1 we have defined the trigonometric function cos(θ) = v/c. The known trigonometric functions revealed the hidden relationships between sensible energy, latent energy, sensible momentum and latent momentum of the moving object, and the absorbed momentum from outside and the available momentum in the outside of the moving object. We present the trigon...

Dissociation energies have been determined for Al(n)(+) clusters (n=25-83) using a new experimental approach that takes into account the latent heat of melting. According to the arguments presented here, the cohesive energies of the solidlike clusters are made up of contributions from the dissociation energies of the liquidlike clusters and the latent heats for melting. The size-dependent varia...

The role of land-atmosphere interactions under heterogeneous surface conditions is investigated in order to identify mechanisms responsible for altering surface heat and moisture fluxes. Twelve coupled land surface – large eddy simulation scenarios with four different length scales of surface variability under three different horizontal wind speeds are used in the analysis. The base case uses L...

Calculation of evaporative heat loss is essential to heat balance calculations. Despite recognition that the value for latent heat of evaporation, used in these calculations, may not always reflect the real cooling benefit to the body, only limited quantitative data on this is available, which has found little use in recent literature. In this experiment a thermal manikin, (MTNW, Seattle, WA) w...

We consider a non-isothermal one-dimensional model of martensitic phase transitions that incorporates a finite bar with a non-monotone temperature-dependent stress–strain law and non-zero latent heat. Two dissipation mechanisms are considered: heat conduction and the internal viscous dissipation of kinetic origin. Time-dependent displacement and ambient temperature are prescribed at the ends of...

Current earth observation models do not take into account the influence of water salinity on the evaporation rate, even though the salinity influences the evaporation rate by affecting the density and latent heat of vaporization. In this paper, we adapt the SEBS (Surface Energy Balance System) model for large water bodies and add the effect of water salinity to the evaporation rate. Firstly, SE...