Background Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) is helpful in the cognitive evaluation and staging of Alzheimer patients (AD), but its score could be affected by acute medical conditions, depression, or anxiety. Conversely, head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an independent diagnostic tool to evaluate specific cerebral pathology AD patients. Many studies have investigated correlation between MRI vis...

BACKGROUND Increasing rates of AQP4-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have been reported in late-onset patients (LONMOSD). However, the full range of clinical differences between early-onset and late-onset variants remain unclear. We describe the clinical features and outcomes of AQP4-seropositive LONMOSD patients in a Chinese population. METHODS This was a retrospec...

Several advances in the filed of organ transplantation in last decades have resulted in significant increase in the number and methods of transplantation. In this article various aspects of organ transplantation including immunosuppressive medications, common skin tumors seen in transplant recipients, possible mechanisms involved in increased incidence of skin tumors and finally preventive meas...

Background: Langerhans cells are important in the pathogenesis of leprosy.  A recent study reported that these cells were almost absent in the epidermis overlying lepromatous lesions. Objective: To investigate a possible relationship between the number of Langerhans cells and the histopathologic spectrum of lesions in patients with leprosy. Methods: An immunohistochemical staining for S100 prot...

Background: Precancerous lesions are disorders that are highlylikely to become malignant. Early diagnosis of precancerous skinlesions helps to prevent skin cancers. The aim of this study wasclinicopathological assessment of precancerous skin lesions inpatients referred to the dermatology department of Imam Rezahospital.Method: Two hundred and nine patients who were diagnosed withprecancerous le...

Churg-Strauss syndrome is a rare diffuse small/medium sized vessel vasculitis that is almost invariably accompanied by severe asthma. The cause is unknown, but its characteristic histological findings and association with asthma distinguish it from other vasculitides. We report here a middle aged lady who presented with sudden onset of vasculitic skin lesions in association with long standing a...

the aim of the present study was to compare the occurrence and duration of clinical mastitis in different seasons, stages of lactation period and parities in a holstein dairy farm in iran. a retrospective epidemiological survey from april 2005 to march 2008 was conducted on 884 clinical mastitis cases of 7437 lactations. data of each case including calendar-date of mastitis onset, days in milk ...

Department of Skin and VD, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India A 40-year-old woman presented with gradual onset of multiple raised skin-colored lesions over face since two months. There was no history of any associated complaints such as burning, itching, or pain. There was no history of antecedent trauma, seasonal variation, systemic ailments, or...

Dear Editor, Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an uncommon extramedullary tumour of malignant myeloid cells which predominantly occurs concurrently with or after the onset of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Careful clinicopathological correlation with comprehensive immunophenotyping of the malignant cells is essential to distinguish myeloid sarcoma from lymphoma with skin involvement. The early recognitio...

skin cancer has been the most usual and illustrates 50% of all new cancers detected each year. if they detected at an early stage, treatment can become simple and economically. accurate skin lesion segmentation is important in automated early skin cancer detection and diagnosis systems. the aim of this study is to provide an effective approach to detect the skin lesion border on a purposed imag...