Pain-related attentional interference has been found in both chronic pain and laboratory-inducted pain settings. However, few studies have examined such interference effects during common everyday painful episodes. Menstrual cyclerelated pain is a common pain that affects a large number of women on a regular basis. The purpose of the current study was, therefore, to examine the effects of menst...

The corollary follow up study carried presents variation in electrolyte content of serum during menstrual, follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases of menstrual cycle. Variation in sodium, potassium and chloride were found to be parallel with each other. Their level increase significantly from follicular to ovulatory phase and falls significantly during luteal phase. Bicarbonate levels are highe...

We compared systemic and cervical total IgA and IgG during the menstrual cycle among 154 women who attended clinic visits at follicular/early, periovulatory/mid, and luteal/late phases of menstrual cycle. Paired serum and cervical secretions were tested at each visit for total IgA and IgG using ELISA. Geometric mean titers for systemic IgA and IgG were 1.92 and 8.25 mg/mL, respectively. There w...

OBJECTIVE To investigate in normal-weight premenopausal women the relationship between circulating leptin and serum gonadotropins and gonadal steroids, during both spontaneous and pharmacologically induced menstrual cycles. DESIGN Clinical longitudinal study. METHODS Two groups of age-matched, normal-weight premenopausal volunteer women (groups I and II) were enrolled in this study. Women i...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are thought to affect the severity of various infectious and autoimmune diseases. The incidence of autoimmune disease is higher in fertile women than in men. Thus, we investigated whether Treg numbers were modulated during the menstrual cycle by sex hormones. In fertile nonpregnant women, we detected an expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) Tregs in the late follicular p...

Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to females and nearly universal experience in women's lives and is poorly understood. It is characterized by co-ordinated sequence of hormonal changes but the changes that occur in the distribution of hematological parameters and biochemical parameters have not been clearly established. The present study was undertaken with the following aim: i) To compare he...

The thyroid gland of Mystus vittatus was unencapsulated, composed of follicles scattered mainly around the ventral aorta in the sub pharyngeal region. Each follicle provided with agranular eosinophilic colloid materials in the central lumen was encircled by a single layer of epithelial cells. The follicular cells varied according to the secretary activity in harmony with the reproductive cycle....

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in plasma anandamide (AEA) levels throughout the normal menstrual cycle, and to analyze the relationship among AEA, sex steroids and gonadotrophins. Materials and Methods The patients were fertile women with normal menstrual cycle, proposed to get in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment due to oviduct obstruction or male infert...

It is recognised that ovarian factors, including steroid and protein hormones, are critical in the feedback regulation of pituitary gonadotropins; however, their individual contributions are less defined. The aim of this study was to explore the reciprocal relationships between ovarian and pituitary hormones across the normal ovulatory menstrual cycle as women age. FSH, LH, oestradiol, progeste...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the variability of three-dimensional automatic counts of ovarian follicles measuring 2-6 to 2-10 mm during the menstrual cycle and to determine if this test can be applied outside the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. METHODS in a prospective observational study, serial transvaginal ultrasound scans were performed from April 20, 2013, to October 30, 2014, on...