Journal:
:iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology
0
payman dabirmoghaddam department of otorhinolaryngology, tehran university of medical science, tehran, iran.
ali karimian taheri department of otorhinolaryngology, tehran university of medical science, tehran, iran.
hosein ghazavi department of otorhinolaryngology, tehran university of medical science, tehran, iran.
shaghayegh ebrahimnejad department of otorhinolaryngology, tehran university of medical science, tehran, iran.
zahra karimian student research committee, school of nursing and midwifery, shahroud university of medical sciences, shahroud, iran
introduction: laryngeal cancer is the second most common cancer involving the respiratory tract, second only to lung cancer. previous studies have shown opium dependency to be a possible risk factor for laryngeal cancer. opium consumption is a major problem in some parts of the world. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of opium consumption on the pattern of involvement in laryn...