Scaffold-like surfaces, ranging from large-scale trusses to engineered micro-structures, are often sketched via repeating patterns of nodes and edges. Offsetting these graphs turns them into meshes for which a smoothly-rounded scaffold surface ‘skin’ needs be locally generated on the fly production or analysis. We focus minimal single-valence (MSV) quad whose irregular vertices all have same va...

The prevalent strategy in the topology optimization phase is to select a subset of members existing in an excessively connected truss, called Ground Structure, such that the overall weight or cost is minimized. Although finding a good topology significantly reduces the overall cost, excessive growth of the size of topology space combined with existence of varied types of design variables challe...

Thin-walled cold-rolled sections are used in the construction industry, especially roofing of large-span halls. The load-bearing capacity a thin-walled structure depends to large extent on details at point attachment and interconnection individual elements. Therefore, case structures, it is necessary use additional structural elements such as local reinforcement, stabilising elements, supports,...

Abstract The virtual element method (VEM) was developed not too long ago, starting with the paper [2] related to elasticity in solid mechanics. allows revisit construction of different elements; however, it has so far applied one-dimensional structures like trusses and beams. Here we study several VEM elements suitable for beams show that methodology produces are equivalent well-known finite bu...

This article examines the application of theory critical strain energy levels to determination limiting states rod systems. A redundant truss is chosen illustrate peculiarities changes in self-stressing structure at levels. The removal ties when they reach their stress or limits leads a change state self-stress structure, which illustrated by rods trusses. matrix notation governing equations fo...

Categorical aspects of the theory modules over trusses are studied. Tensor product is defined and its existence established. In particular, it shown that bimodules form a monoidal category. Truss versions Eilenberg-Watts theorem Morita equivalence formulated. Projective small-projective their properties