We have seen that if X X1 + · · · + Xn is a sum of independent {0, 1} random variables, then X is tightly concentrated around its expected value …[X]. The fact that the random variables were {0, 1}-valued was not essential; similar concentration results hold if we simply assume that they are in some bounded range [−L, L]. One can also relax the independence assumption, as we will see next. Cons...

george bernard shaw's masterpiece pygmalion deals with the social function of language and reveals that linguistic competence is one of the markers of social status. it presents the story of the social transformation of a flower girl into a ‘lady’ through linguistic retraining. this work has been analyzed from a variety of perspectives such as freudian psychology and sociolinguistic perspective...

It is argued that language learning is regarded as the cornerstone of human existence. The widespread use of English as an international language makes it highly important in the world. It is no more working as the status of language of the elite class or the educated class of the society such as professors, rather it is working as an instrument to bring success in life. Nowadays, teachers need...

Social-media data provides increasing opportunities for automated analysis of large sets of textual documents. So far, automated tools have been developed to account for either the social networks between the participants of the debates, or to analyze the content of those debates. Less attention has been paid to mapping co-occurring actors (participants) and topics (content) in online debates t...

Due to the recent increase in trade, travel and political and social co-operation, language competence has become a key skill in modern Europe. Great efforts have been made to improve language training at all education levels. Whereas in the past language teaching was mainly related to cultural themes with an emphasis on literature, communicative aspects in everyday international contact situat...

based on how formal a conversation is, how much familiar the speaker and the listeners are with each other and how distant is the speaker's social status from the listener's one, the speaker uses certain forms of language known as styles of language. linguistic styles are different from language varieties. selection of the styles depends on definite social situations and the kind of r...

language must be studied as a social behavior and the aim of language instruction must be to facilitate learners’ acquisition of communicative competence; the ability to speak both accurately and appropriately. rules of speaking must be included into second language classroom teaching. we should teach linguistic rules along with social rules. in this study a number of social functions in persia...