We consider the applicability of the isentropic, adiabatic gas dynamical model of plume expansion for laser ablation in vacuum. We show that the model can be applied to ionized plumes and estimate the upper electron temperature limit on the applicability of the isentropic approximation. The model predictions are compared with Langmuir ion probe measurements and deposition profiles obtained for ...

It is shown that partial incoherence, in the form of stochastic phase noise, of a Langmuir wave in an unmagnetized plasma gives rise to a Landau-type damping. Starting from the Zakharov equations, which describe the nonlinear interaction between Langmuir and ion-acoustic waves, a kinetic equation is derived for the plasmons by introducing the Wigner-Moyal transform of the complex Langmuir wave ...

1. Under the conditions used in our investigation, tripalmitin layers of the Langmuir Blodgett (LB) type undergo a spontaneous transition, leading from a liquid crystalline (LB) state to a microcrystalline (CR) state. 2. This transition is accompanied by a shift of the methylene bending band from 1469 to 1473 cm-1 and a shift of the ester group motion from about 1169 to 1182 cm1 . In both cases...

Background: Synthetic dyes are serious pollutants and wide ranges of methods have been employed for their removal from aquatic systems. We studied the adsorption of "Nile blue A" (NBA), an anionic dye, from aqueous solution by oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Methods: Scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize ...

In this work, the removal of copper from an aqueous solution by granular activated carbon (GAC) in the presence of competitor ions was studied. A batch adsorption was carried out and different parameters such as pH, contact time, initial copper concentration and competitor ions concentration were changed to determine the optimum conditions for adsorption. The optimum pH required for maximum ads...