the expansion of major cities regardless of the scientific planning principles has led to theemergence of negative urban development impacts in iran such as the degradation of natural resources andvarious forms of pollution. undoubtedly, urban rivers can enhance the ecological value of the earth to anoptimal extent. however, to benefit from these potentials, appropriate planning looks inevitabl...

tehran is one of the most polluted metropolises in the world. sink capacity for absorption and assimilation of pollution is reduced generally due to failure in inclusion of ecological aspects in regional land use development planning. the present condition of air and water related issues in tehran are greatly affected by landscape structural alterations at urban level. in this research the focu...

Many studies have assessed the effect of landscape patterns on spatial ecological processes by simulating these processes in computer-generated landscapes with varying composition and configuration. To generate such landscapes, various neutral landscape models have been developed. However, the limited set of landscape-level pattern variables included in these models is often inadequate to gener...

Decision-making about the environment is a fundamentally critical task – just like driving to work, collecting groceries and taking children to school. Very few drivers know much beyond the basic operating principles of their cars yet they are completely competent to use these technically sophisticated tools safely and efficiently. Ordinary people also make decisions about design and planning e...

The rapid change of running modifications and processes simultaneously require and enable the execution of a landscape monitoring. With latest methods and geo-information data an important contribution can be made in particular to monitor and evaluate developments being carried out. The landscape monitoring dedicates itself to the check and the prognosis of state and dynamics from natural to te...

The rapid change of running modifications and processes simultaneously require and enable the execution of a landscape monitoring. With latest methods and geo-information data an important contribution can be made in particular to monitor and evaluate developments being carried out. The landscape monitoring dedicates itself to the check and the prognosis of state and dynamics from natural to te...

Strategic planning in the ‘post-net’ era creates new challenges for senior management, due to the need for faster speed of strategy planning and implementation, frequent, significant environmental changes, and more complex organizations. Enterprise strategy management (ESM) systems promise better planning support for senior management, but are still in their infancy. Present systems focus too m...