This paper offers an ecologically-based view of land and land value, buildin,0 upon the muftiproducr nature of e&systems and upon landscape ecology. The paper qu&.ions the ability of markets to create optimal landscap&‘even when traditionhl methods of internalizing externalities are appli&d, ;and concludes that-&emptin g a tomplere valuation of’ ecosystem; is’ quixoric: Achieving sustainable la...

Fitness landscape analysis provides insight into the structural features of optimization problems. Landscape analysis techniques have been individually shown to capture specific continuous landscape features. However, results are typically for benchmark and artificial problems, and so the ability of techniques to capture real-world problem structures remains largely unknown. In this paper we ex...

We study self-replicating molecules under externally varying conditions. Changing conditions such as temperature variations and/or alterations in the environment’s resource composition lead to both non-constant replication and decay rates of the molecules. In general, therefore, molecular evolution takes place in a dynamic rather than a static fitness landscape. We incorporate dynamic replicati...

There are many applications that require rendered 3D terrain, whether it be computer games or complex geographical research. The methods used to represent terrain, generate realistic terrain and render terrain are studied in an attempt to better understand how people have previously tackled the key issues. The idea of fractal nature is studied and the effects, positive and negative, this has on...

the study of karst phenomena and its potentials has had always a particular importance in semi-arid zones of iran, specifically due to the lack of water sources. in this paper, we are going to discuss the landscape morphology in karstic areas, and the way we can have an ecological planning approach to it. maharlu karst basin was selected as the case study of karstic area, and kaftarak mount in ...

A fractal landscape realizer has been developed that generates synthetic landscape maps to user specifications. The alternative landscape realizations are not identical to the actual maps after which they are patterned, but are similar statistically (i.e., the areas and fractal character of each category are replicated). A fractal or self-affine pattern generator is used to provide a spatial pr...

tehran city has been subject of critical environmental challenges during the course of 20th. century namely: massive population growth, broad expansion, reduction in urban open/green spaces, increasing in energy consumption and waste production. releasing industrial wastewater into river valleys have led to considerable changes in structure of city's natural landscape. the natural structur...

By considering certain factors like those mentioned by Ian Thompson (2005) in his definition of landscape, i.e. ecology, community and delight, in designing landscapes, one can find the vocation more applicable and useful. City rivers can play a very important role with regard to such values. In fact, the presence of nature and wildlife could not only be the lifeline of a city, but also a facto...