Choropleth maps are the most widely used map type for mapping rates, such as those involving disease, crime, and socioeconomic indicators. The essential step of choosing a geographic unit to map is often made in an ad hoc manner. Among the desirable characteristics of choropleth mapping units are high degree of resolution, homogeneity of population size, homogeneity of land area, observation of...

Within-city green infrastructure can offer opportunities and new contexts for people to become stewards of ecosystem services. We analyze cities as social-ecological systems, synthesize the literature, and provide examples from more than 15 years of research in the Stockholm urban region, Sweden. The social-ecological approach spans from investigating ecosystem properties to the social framewor...

The interactions between urbanization with biodiversity and ecosystem services that take place defy simple generalizations. There is increasing evidence for the negative impacts of urbanization on biodiversity, most directly in the form of habitat loss and fragmentation. Recent forecasts suggest that the amount of urban land near protected areas is expected to increase, on average, by more than...

background and aim: horseshoe placenta is a variant of ring-shaped placenta. ring-shaped placenta is a rare anomaly seen in fewer than 1 in 6000 deliveries, which could be seen as horseshoe shape due to atrophy in a portion of the ring. this report refers to a possible relationship between the horseshoe shape placenta and preterm labor; although it has not been yet validated in the literature. ...

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1 Preliminary and quite incomplete. Please do not cite without permission. helpful comments. INTRODUCTION It has long been hypothesized that the quality of the economic institutions of a society has a fundamental impact on its prospects for economic growth and development. In particular, it is apparent that investment incentives depend upon expectations of rights over the returns to that invest...

Current characterization of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) remains insufficient to support the effective mitigation and adaptation of increasing temperatures in urban areas. Planning and design strategies are restricted to the investigation of temperature anomalies at a city scale. By focusing on Land Surface Temperature of Wuhan, China, this research examines the temperature variations locally wh...

The application of the cadastral concept in common law jurisdictions is reviewed. The relationship between a cadastre and a statewide parcel based land information system is highlighted. The origins and evolution of cadastres are described. The characteristics and development of existing land administration systems in common law jurisdictions are discussed. It is suggested that there is a consi...

Botswana recently embarked on an effort to improve its National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). This paper takes an example of the country’s effort to improve information for land administration and the problems this effort has had because of a poor spatial data infrastructure. It then discussed how the current effort is likely to have impact on the organization of information for land mana...

The international initiatives by various agencies (such as World bank, FAO, UN, FIG, etc.) suggest that cadastre and land registration systems are currently undergoing major changes worldwide. On such changes, the emerging trends focus on easy access to land, security of land tenure, establishment and operation of efficient land markets, formalization of property rights, incorporating customary...