THE USUAL approach to the lacrimal sac and the area around is through the standard curved incision, with the centre of the concavity about 2-3 mm. from the inner margin of the inner canthus. It can be termed "adequate", although, to get a good view and to have freedom of manoeuvre, the incision has often to be widely stretched in all directions. Even then, one is often working in a fairly deep ...

Lacrimal scintigraphy (LS) was performed in 860 lacrimal drainage systems (LDS) in 188 patients with bilateral epiphora and 226 patients with unilateral epiphora. A very high incidence of canalicular obstruction was found in these patients, the incidence being higher in the group with unilateral epiphora. It is suggested that a canalicular block is a commoner cause of obstructive epiphora than ...

A gross anatomical study was made on the lacrimal apparatus in seventeen adult camels (4-10 years age), and three foetuses. The lacrimal gland is situated between the caudodorsal aspect of the eyeball and the supraorbital and frontal process of the frontal and zygomatic bones, respectively. The gland consists of two lobes, cranial and caudal. The excretory ducts were 3-4 in number, and opened i...

AIMS To prospectively evaluate the reliability and efficacy of a new treatment for the reconstruction of the lacrimal duct using a new histo-engineered material, xenogeneic (bovine) acellular dermal matrix. METHOD Five patients (five eyes) with partial or total absence of the lacrimal duct were included in the study. Four patients (four eyes) suffered from traumatic injuries to the lacrimal d...

In the following year’s authors as Caldwell [5], West [6] and Mosher [7] proposed the intranasal access to the lacrimal sac. However it was just in the last two decades of the past century that the endoscopic approach gained progressive interest, thanks to the exponential affirmation of the modern endoscopic technique. Nowadays the success rate of the two procedures, ex-DCR and endoscopic DCR (...

A dacryolith was discovered in the lacrimal sac during a dacryocystorhinostomy for chronic dacryocystitis in which there was mucocele formation. Morphological examination confirmed the presence of an eyelash at the centre of the stone and electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of fungi (Candida sp.) in a matrix which was of markedly vairable morphology. The mechanism by which a hair ente...

INTRODUCTION Dirofilariasis is a rare parasitic infestation in humans. CASE A 33-year-old female from the coastal area presented with a swelling over the right lacrimal sac area. It was clinically diagnosed as a lacrimal abscess and was incised under local anaesthesia. A live coiled worm was found and removed along with the cyst. OBSERVATIONS The worm looked like a thin white thread measuri...

Extension of an infection from the periorbital structures. This is the most common route. Infections which may breach the orbital septum and extend in this way include the paranasal sinuses, especially ethmoid sinusitis, the face, the globe, the lacrimal sac and dental infection via intermediary maxillary sinusitis. Extension of preseptal cellulitis, particularly in young children in whom the o...