The existence of a recognized and strong trade union is vital for an industrial process to run smoothly. Act 651, also called the Labor 2003, was formed help, act as guide maintain peaceful relationship between employees management. It becomes important acknowledge major role Union Activities have organization. These roles include maintaining harmony among employers industry; negotiating or dea...

This paper examines the distributional consequences of the recent transformation of the industrial relations system in Australia, with a shift from a collective bargaining system with comprehensive involvement of trade unions at both the national and industry levels to a system based on workplace bargaining with no union involvement. The paper presents the results of regression analyses which r...

When unions world-wide confront a decline in density and power, pressure increases on shop stewards. They occupy a position which has been described as demanding, involving striking a balance between conciliation and tough negotiating, between ordinary and union work, and feelings of isolation from members. If shop stewards already experience a demanding work situation, and parallel to this the...

For some twenty years now, it has been common to refer to a crisis of trade unionism. What the future holds for labour movements – or indeed, whether they even have a future – seems increasingly uncertain. For many trade unionists as well as academics, unions in most countries appear as victims of external forces outside their control, and often also of their own conservative inertia. But union...

This reflective article sketches the specificity of migratory flows in sub-Saharan Africa, which is essentially intra-regional. While changing dynamically, the distinctive features include increasing female migration, diversification of migration destinations, transformation of labour flows into commercial migration, and emigration of skilled health and other professionals. These migrations tak...

Over the last decade a large decline in union membership and influence has been observed in many countries. This observation has prompted many researchers to consider the means by which individual unions are able to mitigate the effects of less favourable economic and political conditions on their functions as institutions designed to represent and defend worker interests. Such research suggest...

The article investigates the issue of eight-hour workday and its application from early 1890s – when it first appeared on Bulgarian organized labour movement’s agenda following decisions Second International to adoption in national legislation as well by Labour Organization 1919, finally, enforcement day textile industry between two world wars. This explores continuities changes struggle adopt ...

In the simple framework of a static model for equilibrium wages and labour supplies, we show that the incidence of income tax on equilibrium wages can be measured independently from the individual labour supply elasticity. This extends recent work by Blundell, Duncan and Meghir (1998) and Eissa and Liebman (1996), who estimate labour supply elasticities, and Gruber (1997), who estimates tax inc...