this paper is about to discover the roots of formation of one of the political and social phenomena called political party in a particular period of iranian contemporary history. in the light of this kind of study we can go beyond the superficial and general analyses which are the characteristic of traditional and under developed societies unfortunately these analyses are used to justify all th...

background one of the strategies for a good outcome and pain free childbearing is to design the delivery room. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of snoezelen room on childbearing outcome such as pain intensity, duration of labor, and perinea status in nulliparous women. patients and methods this study was a randomized controlled clinical trial consists of 100 childbea...

Countering linear acculturation theories, the adoption of Western European gender customs over time differs across migrant groups. This diversity implies that into support for equality is context dependent. However, little quantitative scholarship has identified what sort contexts strengthen or impede acculturation. article investigates one source context-dependent acculturation: exclusionary c...

when the parties enter into a contract, they are obliged to implement its obligations, but sometimes events occur that make it impossible to execute the contract or runtime status than the time of conclusion of the contract is fundamentally different. these events are referred to as legal excuses if eligible, the parties are exempt from the obligations and responsibilities. the most important l...

The new parties that emerged following the 15-M movement and against the austerity measures in Spain want to build parties open to the participation and deliberation for all the citizenry. To what extent are these ideals being fulfilled? The aim of this article is to describe and assess some of the main online deliberative processes of the two most important parties, Podemos and Barcelona En Co...