The classical interpolation theorem of Craig (cf. e.g. [ChK73]) states that if φ ⇒ ψ is a valid first order predicate logic formula, then there exists a first order formula θ built using only nonlogical symbols occurring in both φ and ψ and, possibly, equality, such that the formulas φ ⇒ θ and θ ⇒ ψ are valid too. A formula θ with this property is called an interpolant between φ and ψ. Similar ...

This study investigated the relationship between teaching L2 semantic tasks (collocation vs. definition) in vocabulary achievement of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. To this end, 60 students at intermediate level studying in the Simin Institute were selected from a total number of 100 participants based on their performance on Oxford Placement Test. After ensuring the criterion of homogeneit...

Reading picture books in the first language (L1) before rereading them second (L2) is assumed to be beneficial for young dual learners (DLLs). This pilot study examined how sharing digital L1 or L2 at home reading kindergarten affected book-specific vocabulary learning and story comprehension. Participants were 14 three- four-year-old children who spoke Polish learned Norwegian as their languag...

Incidental vocabulary acquisition is the primary way for second language learners to acquire knowledge and adding glosses has been proven a great contributor this process. Generally speaking, refer translation equivalent words, L2 synonyms or brief explanations of target words. This paper reviewed studies on role in incidental reading terms gloss languages, types, locations modalities. Findings...

Background The present study examined patterns and predictors of reading comprehension growth in first language (L1) second (L2) readers the upper grades primary school. Previous research suggests that L1 L2 differ their trajectories differences proficiency play a role this. However, how at different levels processing influence has not been investigated. In particular, unification skills such a...