The objective of this paper is to explore the political implications Covid-19 pandemic in Central Asian countries Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. Studies displayed that although these governments varied their initial response pandemic, all three underwent a uniform experience as its broader effect amplified authoritarianism. public health crisis was utilized pretext consolidate autocrat...

Owing to its geopolitical position in the Caucasus region as well oil and gas resources, The Republic of Azerbaijan plays an important geoeconomic role energy transit Europe. Therefore, this study aims identify most geo-economic factors affecting economic security indicators from 2015 2018 their impact on such growth, inflation, foreign direct investment Azerbaijan. For purpose, a descriptive-a...

the caucasus region is located between the black sea and the caspian sea in south of the russian federation, north west of iran and north east of turkey. geographical situation and strategic significance of the south caucasus, have turned it to one of the most important parts of the world. in an atmosphere of the us -russia geostrategic competition and possibility of waging a cold war between t...

Using a high-resolution (~18 samples/year) major soluble ion record (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl!, NO3 !, and SO4 2!) covering the period 1908–1995 A.D. from the Inilchek Glacier, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, we provide a detailed climate and environmental proxy record for the region. Chemical concentrations, empirical orthogonal function analyses, and noncrustal excess calculations are used to identify natura...

AIMS To provide accurate and timely data on the determinants of smoking in countries of the former Soviet Union in order to facilitate the development of effective tobacco control policies in the region. Such data are urgently needed given the absence of accurate comparative data in the region and the recent changes experienced. DESIGN Cross-sectional surveys using standardized methods and re...

This article focuses on assessing the determinants of shadow economy in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan from 2010 to 2020. Examining experience these countries reveals full range problems associated with its impact economic growth. One objectives was examine causes highlight highest-income but most vulnerable sectors economy. Three Central Asian were selected determine importance some fa...

E-Business has gained much attention as a new opportunity to provide global competitiveness for companies in developing countries. This study is primarily focused on critical success factors of e-Business systems in developing countries, especially in Kazakhstan. This study aims to provide a framework to unfold the barriers and challenges so that companies in Kazakhstan take benefit of making а...

This paper presents a summary of the major lessons learnt from the review of five cases of performance-based contracting in the water sector in three countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA), namely Armenia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine. The report also identifies good practices for designing and implementing such contracts. Although the target audience of these Guidelines is de...

All kinds of illegal trafficking, prostitution, pornography, gambling, fraud and counterfeiting, computer crime, corruption, piracy, immigration many other criminal activities can pose a threat to national even international security if conducted by larger groups or organizations. The phenomenon organized crime has acquired transnational character due the increasing globalization financial mark...