In recent years, due to the significant demographic changes and increasing young population in the country, including Kurdistan, there was too much demand for the labor, and it causes unemployed persons. In this study, the unemployment rate in Kurdistan province has been studied with emphasis on the youth. The main question was the trend of unemployment rate of the young population? Secon...

Author details Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Parvin Etesami Street, P.O. Box: 451578-6349, Zanjan, Iran. Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 15875-6951, Tehran, Iran. Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Institute for Healt...

The left-wing Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) began its violent insurgency campaign against the Turkish state in 1984, claiming that an independent Kurdistan should exist. However, the origins of this conflict can be traced back even further – to the inception of the Turkish Republic in 1923. This thesis begins by investigating the history of how the conflict between the Kurdish and Turkish poli...

This experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of different types and concentrations of carbohydrate source on callus fresh weight, number of somatic embryos per embryonic explant and percentage of globular embryos developing into cotyledonary embryos from the leaf explants of three strawberry cultivars (Kurdistan, Paros and Camarosa). MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyace...

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a threatening and potentially traumatic event, causing psychological problems among communities. So far, few studies have evaluated the long-term impact of COVID-19 on mental health. Objectives: This study aimed to assess frequency posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) people living in Kurdistan province, Iran, more than two years a...

Just months after Aff an Hamakhan Jafar graduated from medical college at the University of Mosul, Iraq, in 1985, his career took a sharp turn in an utterly unexpected direction. After fi nishing his internship in Mosul, Jafar had planned to go to Europe for postgraduate work, then perhaps to work as a general practitioner in Kurdistan, the northern Iraqi region where he was born. Instead, in l...

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important health problems worldwide with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. It is a major risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer. Currently, Iran is located in the intermediate HBV zone; however, recent studies have provided some evidence indicating an epidemiological change in the country. The aim of this study wa...

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis are two frequent medical conditions with an increasing prevalence in elderly. This study is conducted to evaluate osteoporosis in postmenopausal females with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sanandaj, the provincial center of Kurdistan province in the west of Iran. Methods: From an initial population of 2500 women with type 2 diabetes, 242 postmenopau...