By printing a variable number of droplets onto the same pixel location, ink jet printers produce pixels at variable dot-sizes yielding several darkness levels. Varying the number of printed droplets affects the ink volume deposited onto the substrate. In the present contribution, we explore the possibility of producing accurate spectral reflectance predictions at all pixel dot-sizes. For this p...

Spectral imaging has been widely developed over the last ten years for archiving cultural heritage. It can retrieve spectral reflectance of each scene pixel and provide the possibility to render images for any viewing condition. A new spectral reconstruction method, the matrix R method, can achieve high spectral and colorimetric accuracies simultaneously for a specific viewing condition. Althou...

34 Optogenetics is an emerging field of neuromodulation that permits scaled, 35 millisecond temporal control of the membrane dynamics of genetically targeted 36 cells using light. Optogenetic technology has revolutionized neuroscience 37 research; however, numerous biophysical questions remain on the optical and 38 neuronal factors impacting the modulation of neural activity with photon sensiti...

Although methods exist for predicting the color of a spot color ink when it overprints another ink, there is a need for a simplified model for the purpose of previewing that can be used during document creations. The proposed model characterizes each spot color individually and predicts the color of overprinting solids and halftones by linearly combining the reflectances of two colors. Each ink...

A competitividade tem sido bastante citada e estudada. Especialmente, quando relacionada as nacoes. Os estudos cresceram fortemente a partir do trabalho seminal de Michael Porter (1990), “A vantagem competitiva das nacoes” (Schneider et al., 2009). Considerando nacoes, o The World Economic Forum, conforme Oliver Cann (2016), define como “o conjunto instituicoes, politicas fatores que determinam...

A digital imaging system containing a calibration target, an image capture device, and a mathematical model to estimate spectral reflectance factor was treated as a spectrophotometer and as such subject to systematic and random errors. The systematic errors considered were photometric zero, photometric linear and nonlinear scale, wavelength linear and nonlinear scale, and bandwidth. To diagnose...

This paper is concerned with the study and description of light scattering in turbid material such as paper. We present a new modeling approach, which is based on the transport theory. A statistical description for the scattering and absorption behavior inside the material is used to obtain spatial distributions of wavelength dependent photon number density and fluxes. Opposed to previous metho...

An earlier model of colour formation within normal human skin was extended to include architectural distortions associated with various pigmented skin lesions, including malignant melanoma. The extended ve-layer model makes it possible to derive parameters characterising the thickness and pigment composition of the skin layers from calibrated colour and infrared images of skin lesions. The extr...

A computer simulation was performed to investigate optimal fourand five-ink sets in order to minimize color inconstancy while maintaining a large color gamut. The effect of including a spectrally-flat black ink on color constancy was explored. The relationship between ink shape and the color constancy of prints was also analyzed. The results show that the ink shape in the middle wavelength regi...