We have directly measured the intensity distribution, gain, and induced phase shift between two fiber lasers that are coherently combined by a Dammann grating. The induced phase shift between the lasers has been shown to approximately cancel out any applied phase error introduced into the cavity, allowing the combined resonator to operate at an efficient low-loss state. We show that the origin ...

We present the first demonstration, to our knowledge, of a label-free flow cytometer for the analysis of biological specimens using multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (MCARS) and elastic scatter measurements. The MCARS system probes the Raman vibrational energy levels and the elastic scatter provides morphological information. We demonstrate these capabilities by probing a culture ...

We propose a model for realizing frequency-dependent spatial variations of the probe susceptibility in cold atomic sample. It is found that usual Kramers-Kronig (KK) relation between real and imaginary parts frequency domain can be mapped into space as far detuned control field intensity linearly varied used. This non-Hermitian medium exhibits then unidirectional reflectionless band photons inc...

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful tool to investigate properties of materials and electrode reactions. This Primer provides guide the use EIS comparison with other electrochemical techniques. The analysis data for reduction ferricyanide in KCl supporting electrolyte used demonstrate error structure measurements, measurement process models, sensitivity evolution properti...

The dielectric spectra of colloidal systems often contain a typical low frequency dispersion, which usually remains unnoticed, because of the presence of strong conduction losses. The KK relations offer a means for converting ε' into ε″ data. This allows us to calculate conduction free ε″ spectra in which the l.f. dispersion will show up undisturbed. This interconversion can be done on line wit...

Digital phase reconstruction of directly detected minimum (MP) optical signals using the Kramers-Kronig (KK) algorithm has recently drawn attention because its low hardware complexity. Only a single photodiode is required to detect intensity signal and KK relations are used retrieve information. To make sure by MP, carrier tone needs be inserted. In this work, we digitally add at transmitter, o...

Knowledge of longitudinal electron bunch profiles is vital to optimize the performance plasma wakefield accelerators and x-ray free laser linacs. Because their importance these novel applications, noninvasive frequency domain techniques are often employed reconstruct from coherent synchrotron, transition, or undulator radiation measurements. In this paper, we detail several common reconstructio...